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Cell Structure & Function
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Cell Theory Robert Hooke Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 3 parts
a. all living things are composed of cells b. cells come from existing cells. c. cells are the basic unit of life
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Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Shape = Function Nerve cell: Skin Cell: White blood cell:
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Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic – do not have membrane
bound organelles (Unicellular) - no nucleus ex) bacteria Eukaryotic – contain membrane bound organelles (Multicellular) - HAS a nucleus ex) plant and animal cell
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Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria
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Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms Plant Animal
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Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
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Cell Parts Organelles
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Cell Membrane Structure “what it looks like”
Phospholipid bilayer
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Functions of the Cell Membrane
Keeps things in Keeps things out Regulates what passes through * nutrients and food * gases * water Semi-Permeable!
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Location of cell membrane
Found in plant AND animal cells
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Ribosomes
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Function of Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Made up of RNA
Attached to ER (making proteins for another cell) Floating freely (making proteins for THAT cell)
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location of Ribosomes Found in plant AND animal cell
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Nucleus
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Nucleus DNA and RNA are made
Nuclear Pores – holes in the nuclear envelope which allow things to enter and leave the nucleus
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location of Nucleus Found in plant AND animal cell
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Nucleolus
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Nucleolus Center of the nucleus Where ribosomes are made
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location of Nucleolus Found in plant AND animal cell
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Lysosome
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Function of Lysosomes Organelles which contain the digestive enzymes of the cell used for recycling
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location of Lysosomes Found in plant AND animal cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Functions of the E.R S.E.R. R.E.R.
Membrane that is an extension from the nuclear envelope which creates a pathway for proteins. S.E.R. Stores compounds such as lipids and carbohydrates Detoxify poisons or toxins R.E.R. Holds the ribosomes Stores proteins Puts proteins in bubbles called vesicles to send them to other cells
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location Found in plant AND animal cell
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Golgi Bodies/Apparatus
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Gogli Apparatus Processing, packaging, secreting organelle of the cell
“The Post Office” of the cell
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Found in plant AND animal cell
Location Found in plant AND animal cell
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Mitochondria
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Mitochondria – POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Converts food into energy (Function) Site of cellular respiration
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Location Found in plant AND animal cell
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Chloroplast
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Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis Green – due to chlorophyll
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Found in plant cells ONLY
Location Found in plant cells ONLY
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Cell Wall
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Cell Wall Thick outer covering surrounding the membrane
Made of Cellulose Plant cells ONLY
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Vacuoles
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Vacuoles Fluid filled sac Function Stores extra nutrients and water
Stores waste
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Found in plant AND animal
Location Found in plant AND animal
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Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Function
Organelles float in it Contain the nutrients and chemicals of the cell
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Cytoskeleton Protein framework of the cell Function:
Provides shape and support Gives organelles something to attach to Aids in movement Aids in cell division
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