1. Infinitive Formation Active Passive -isse esse Perfect Present Future
Perfect Stem +
-isse
4th Princ Part +
esse
Present
2nd Principal
Part
2nd PP minus ‘e’ or ‘ere’ (3rd conj) + i
Future
Future Act Partic + esse
Rare: Fut Act Partic +
iri

2. Infinitive Forms of Amo, amare, amavi, amatum
Active
Passive
Perfect
amavisse
amatum/am/os/as/a esse
Present
amare
amari
Future
amaturum/am/os/as/a esse
amaturum/am/os/as/a iri

3. Infinitive Forms of duco, ducere, duxi, ductum
Active
Passive
Perfect
duxisse
ductum/am/os/as/a esse
Present
ducere
duci
Future
ducturum/am/os/as/a esse
ducturum/am/os/as/a iri

4. Indirect Statement
The speaker/writer reports to the reader or listener what he, she, or a character heard someone say, what they saw, thought, felt, believed, knew, hoped, promised, or otherwise perceived.
The speaker / author puts these perceptions into their own words instead of quoting what they heard directly.

5. Verbs of Perception or feeling
audio
sentio
video
nosco
cognosco
dico
scio
puto
11. nuntio 12. spero 13. nego 14. minor 13. polliceor 14. existimo 15. arbitror etc.

6. How to translate the Accusative/Infinitive in Indirect Discourse
Trojanos pervenire audivit.
S/he heard that the Trojans were arriving.
‘Trojanos’ is the Accusative SUBJECT of an indirect statement. You should almost always try to get a ‘THAT’ into your translation of an indirect statement.

7. Infinitives Express Relative Time
Perfect Infinitives happened before the main verb.
Present Infinitives happen at the same time as the main verb.
Future Infinitives happen subsequent the main verb.

9. Participles Express Relative Time
Perfect Participles happened before the main verb.
Present Participles happen at the same time as the main verb.
Future Participles happen subsequent the main verb.

10. Types of Participles Active Passive Perfect xxx actus, acta, actum
Tense
Active
Passive
Perfect
xxx
verbs like locutus are active only in meaning
actus, acta, actum
Present
agens, agentis
Future
acturus, actura, acturum
agendus, agenda, agendum

11. Translations of Participles
Tense
Active
Passive
Perfect
xxxx
having verbed
having been verbed
Present
verbing
xxxxx
Future
going to verb
going to be verbed