1. More Nomenclature

2. Hydrates
Some compounds contain H2O in their structure. These compounds are called hydrates.
This is different from (aq) because the H2O is part of the molecule (not just surrounding it).
The H2O can usually be removed if heated.

3. A dot separates water: e. g
A dot separates water: e.g. CuSO4•5H2O is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
A greek prefix indicates the # of H2O groups.

4. sodium sulfate decahydrate
nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate
Na2CO3•H2O
BaCl2•2H2O
Na2SO4•10H2O
NiSO4•6H2O
sodium carbonate monohydrate
barium chloride dihydrate

5. Naming Bases Bases contain an OH group
If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2
Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH4+ at their beginning)
Bases are named like other ionic compounds:
+ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion

6. - calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - copper(I) hydroxide CuOH - Al(OH)3
- NH4OH
Ca(OH)2
CuOH
aluminum hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

7. Naming Acids and Their Ions
There are two main kinds of acids: binary acids and oxoacids.
A binary acid is composed of two elements: hydrogen and a non metal. The general formula for a binary acid is HX, where X is the non-metal. (HBr and HCl are two examples).

8. To name a binary acid
Attach the prefix hydro
Use the non-metal name as the root
Attach the suffic “ic”
Add the word acid

9. HF
Hydrofluric acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HBr
Hydrobromic acid HI
Hydroiodic acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid

10. An oxoacid (oxyacid) is an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and another element.
For anions that end in “ate”, change the ending to “ic” and add the word acid
ClO3- is chlorate
HClO3- is called chloric acid

11. For anions that end in “ite”, change the ending to “ous” and add the word acid.
ClO2- is chlorite
HClO2- is chlorous acid

12. The prefixes hypo and per remain as part of the acid name.
ClO4- is perchlorate
HClO4- is perchloric acid

13. Oxyacids (cont.)
If the Acid has one more Oxygen than the base acid (found on back of table), the naming goes as followed:
To Name:
Per + 3rd element + ic + Acid
Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid
= Pernitric Acid
H2SO5 = Persulfuric Acid

14. Let’s Try: give formula or name
a) chloric acid
b) hydrosulfuric acid
c) hydrobromic acid
d) phosphorous acid
e) iodic acid
f) HCl(g)
g) HCl(aq)
h) H2SO4(s)
i) H2SO4(aq)
j) HClO2
k) HF(aq)
a) HClO3
b) H2S(aq)
c) HBr(aq)
d) H3PO3
e) HIO3
f) hydrogen chloride
g) hydrochloric acid
h) sulfuric acid
i) sulfuric acid
j) chlorous acid
k) hydrofluoric acid