1. LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

2. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, a carbohydrate found in milk and other dairy products.
Lactose

3. To properly digest lactose, each lactose molecule must react with one molecule of water. This reaction breaks the polymer into two monomers, which can then be used for energy.
Lactose O H H
Water

4. Most humans are able to catalyze the breakdown of lactose using an enzyme called lactase.

5. If lactose does not break apart, it cannot be used for energy
If lactose does not break apart, it cannot be used for energy. It sits in the intestines and starts to ferment.

6. Fermentation of lactose in the gut, causing gas:

7. Lactose intolerant individuals do not produce the lactase enzyme, or they produce it incorrectly.

8. Identify the reactants in this reaction. Lactose and H2O
Lactase

9. Explain why the lactose and water will not react without the help of an enzyme.
High A.E. O H H
Lactase

10. Explain how the enzyme lactase catalyzes this reaction.
Lowers the A.E. O H H
Lactase

11. Explain how the enzyme lactase lowers the A.E. of this reaction.
Holds the reactants in place
Makes the reaction easier O H H
Lactase

12. Explain why lactose-intolerant individuals could not use a different enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of lactose.
The fit between enzyme and substrate must be precise
Lock and key

13. Explain why a person would have trouble digesting lactose when they have a high fever.
Enzymes are proteins
Change shape at high temperatures