1. Failure to Yield: Refractory Achalasia
Barry Ladizinski, MD, Erik D. Rukhman, BS, Christopher Sankey, MD 
The American Journal of Medicine 
Volume 127, Issue 1, Pages (January 2014)
DOI: /j.amjmed
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Computed tomography disclosed a dilated distal esophagus (arrow), filled with oral contrast and minimal intraluminal debris.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 34-35DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A barium swallow study demonstrated distal esophageal dilatation and tapering (arrow), consistent with the classic “bird beak” appearance of achalasia.
The American Journal of Medicine  , 34-35DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
This esophagram offers a magnified view of distal esophageal tapering (red arrow) and narrowing of the proximal gastric fundus (white arrows).
The American Journal of Medicine  , 34-35DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions