1. INTRODUCTION
TO CANADA
1867 – 1900

2. CANADIAN TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
1867 – Confederation: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
1870 – Canada purchases Rupert’s Land (NWT)
Manitoba enters Confederation
1871 – British Columbia enters Confederation
1873 – Prince Edward Island enters Confederation
1905 – Alberta &Saskatchewan join Confederation

3. 1867 Original Provinces
Ontario
Quebec
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick

4. Why Join Together? Canada was created for three reasons:
a) To protect against the threat of invasion from the U.S.
b) Save the United Kingdom money. Britain no longer wanted to maintain troops in its colonies.
The completion of the railway would lead to economic stability.

6. Map of Canada .gif

7. BUILDING A RAILWAY ACROSS CANADA
In order to help convince British Columbia to join Ottawa promised to build a transcontinental highway. The project began in The railway was a cornerstone of John A. McDonald’s desire to create a Canadian Nation. Chinese immigrants were brought in to help complete the job. The last spike was entered on November 7, 1885.

8. CANADA’S POPULATION 1867 – 3.3 million 1911 – 7.2 million
In order to populate Western Canada, the government made it attractive to immigrants by offering cheap land.
In 1896, PM Wilfred Laurier created an “Open Door” policy for immigrants from certain countries and offered them land.

9. GOLDEN AGE OF PROSPERITY
MARITIMES
coal and steel industry
ONTARIO/QUEBEC
factories boom, jobs are plentiful,
cities explode, Toronto, Montreal population doubles

10. wheat exports quadruple, farms modernize and settlement increases
WESTERN CANADA
wheat exports quadruple, farms modernize and settlement increases
NORTHERN CANADA
Klondike Gold Rush ( move to the Yukon)

11. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Women begin to take jobs outside the home and take a greater role in society. However they are paid poorly and are not treated equally to men. Women start to organize in order to gain the right to vote and equality.

12. Migration to the cities led to poverty, disease and harsh working conditions. The government refused to help so private charity groups (usually run by women) were created to help the less fortunate. They pushed for better wages, better education and health care.

13. FRENCH – ENGLISH RELATIONS
Confederation allowed Quebec to be the homeland of French Culture and the Catholic Church. It was assumed that Quebec would cease to be French due to the English that surrounded them and who dominated North America. Immigrants to the West were Protestant and English or from Eastern Europe.

14. Louis Riel and Manitoba
Louis Riel was a politician who fought for Metis (half French /half Native person) rights in Western Canada. They felt too many British people were settling their land in the west.
The fight was known as the Red River Rebellion
Riel set up a temporary government in Manitoba and negotiated the entry of the province of Manitoba in Canada.
Riel then fled to the United States to avoid trial for the murder of Thomas Scott which took place at the beginning of the rebellion.
The province of Manitoba was created out of the Northwest Territories and both joined Canada in 1870.
Riel has become a folklore hero to Francophones and Catholic nationalists.

15. French people outside of Quebec were not protected and lost their right to have Catholic schools or do their daily business in French. (Manitoba Schools Question) Louis Riel (Leader of the Metis) led a rebellion to regain the rights of French speakers in Manitoba. He lost and was hanged. Quebec sees Riel as a hero while the rest of Canada sees him as a traitor.