1. History
Illinois was discovered in 1673 by Joliet & Marquette

2. History of Illinois A. 1673 – French rule Illinois territory
1. Marquette & Joliet
2. Trading and exploring for the French Government
B. French established forts at:
1. Fort St. Louis at Starved Rock
2. Fort de Crevecoeur
3. Pimitouri (Peoria) & Kaskaskia

3. History of Illinois
C. French and Indian War 1. The French lose to the British in The British now possess most of America. D. Revolutionary War George Rogers Clark defeats British in Illinois area

4. History of Illinois
July 4, 1778 George Rogers Clark and his "Kentucky Long Knives" captured Kaskaskia from the British
Illinois subsequently became a county of Virginia. Clark's important engagements in Illinois during the American Revolution secured the entire Northwest Territory for the newly-created United States.

5. History of Illinois
The "Liberty Bell of the West", pictured right, was rung by the residents of Kaskaskia in celebration of Clark's liberation of the town from the British.
It was a gift from King Louis XV of France to the Catholic Church of the Illinois Country. The bell was cast in 1741 and arrived in Kaskaskia via New Orleans and the Mississippi River in 1743

6. History of Illinois
F – 1807
1. Illinois area became attached to a variety of territories.
2. Indiana & Wisconsin G.
1. Illinois became a state on
December 3rd 1818
2. Illinois is the 21st state in the Union.
3. Kaskaskia was named the first capital.
4. Then capital moved to Vandalia
5. Shadrach Bond was named the first governor.

7. Brief History of Illinois
Carved out of the Northwest Territory.

8. Brief History of Illinois
Northwest Ordinance excluded slavery and required to guarantee freedom of religion and trial by jury to inhabitants to declare Statehood.
(slavery existed here because the ordinance wasn’t enforced)
Sidenote: An ordinance is a local law.

9. History of Illinois H. Indian uprisings- Black Hawk War
1. Don’t want to leave land
2. Chief Black Hawk
3. Lose to Illinois militia
a. A young Abraham Lincoln receives his military service in this conflict. Served as a volunteer in the Illinois Militia from April 21, 1832 – July 10, 1832
b. Lincoln never saw combat during his tour but was elected captain of his first company; he later calls this the proudest moment of his life

10. History of Illinois State Capitals
– First capital is Kaskaskia
(1818 – 1820)
moved from Kaskaskia to Vandalia
(1820 – 1853)
– moved from Vandalia to Springfield
( present)
a. Abraham Lincoln and his colleagues help get the capital moved (Long Nine)

11. Kaskaskia—First Capital

12. History of Illinois
The first Capitol, a two-story brick building, was rented by the new State government at a rate of $4.00 a day.
The House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-nine legislators, occupied the entire first floor while the State's fourteen Senators met in the chamber directly above.

13. Vandalia—2nd Capital

14. Old Capitol in Vandalia

15. 1839—Springfield--Capital

16. Historical Background
Illinois has had 6 capitols
Building that serves as the seat of gov’t
The present capitol was completed in 1888

17. History of Illinois 1818 Constitution – 1st
1. Did not interfere with slavery already in state
2. Did not allow anymore slaves to enter
A – Proposed law
1. Allow slavery? Some people want it
2. Governor Edward Coles will not let it happen
3. Illinois remains a FREE STATE

18. History of Illinois
Constitution 1. More power to the people 2. Executive offices will now be elected rather than appointed Constitution 1. Constitution changed again 2. Unchanged for 100 years and is outdated Constitution 1. Three major changes a. Have a greater protection on individual rights b. Improve the tax system c. No term limits for governor

19. Coles, Slavery, Lincoln, Douglas

20. History of Illinois
More Slavery Issues Lincoln challenges Stephan A. Douglas for U.S. Senate seat 2. “Little Giant” wants people to choose, not the state (popular sovereignty) 3. Both debate the topic, gathers nationwide attention (Lincoln & Douglas Debates, 7 cities in Illinois) 4. Douglas wins but Lincoln impresses many people & makes him a national figure Lincoln nominated for and wins Presidency

21. Lincoln Douglas Debates
debates were held in seven towns in Illinois in 1858:
Ottawa on August 21
Freeport on August 27
Jonesboro on September 15
Charleston on September 18
Galesburg on October 7
Quincy on October 13
Alton on October 15

22. History of Illinois (review)
Illinois became a state in _________ with a population of __________.
1818, -- 35,000
2. Today it is around _____________.
13,000,000
3. ___________ was the first capital, then __________ and then _________.
Kaskaskia, Vandalia, springfield
4. Illinois has had _______ constitutions – with the most recent one being ratified in _________.
4, 1970
5. The first governor of Illinois was ____________.
Shadrach Bond
6. Illinois was carved out of the ___________________ territory and governor ______________________ fought to keep Illinois a free state.
Illinois Territory, Edward Coles

23. History of Illinois (review)
7. Illinois was 1st discovered in 1673 by ____________________.
Marquette & Joliet
8. Native American uprising against Illinois settlers in 1832 _______________. It gave a young ___________________ his brief and only military experience.
Black Hawk War, Abraham Lincoln
9. Illinois is the leading producer of _______________ in the U.S.
Soybeans
10. In 1858 Abraham Lincoln debated _________________ in 7 Illinois cities over the issue of slavery.
Stephen Douglas