1. Intro to Cells, Cell Parts, and Cell Transport Review

2. Define the term hypotonic.
Water flows into the cell because there is more solute in the cell than outside.

3. What would happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell would swell.

4. Define the term hypertonic.
Water flows out of the cell because there is more solute outside the cell than inside the cell.

5. What would happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
The cell would shrink.

6. Define isotonic.
There is an equal amount of water inside & outside the cell. Water will enter & exit the cell at the same rate

7. What would happen to a cell placed in an isotonic solution?
The cell will remain the same size.

8. What is the role of the cell membrane?
To separate & protect the cell from its surroundings; regulates what enters and exits the cell; functions as a gate

9. The diffusion of water in and out of the cell
Define osmosis.
The diffusion of water in and out of the cell

10. Why is the cell membrane referred to as selectively permeable?
It only allows some substances to enter & exit the cell

11. What is the job of the rough ER?
chemically modifies and wraps “packages” of proteins into membranous vesicles; Abundant in cells that produce a large amount of protein for export

12. The fluid mosaic model is used to describe what part of the cell?
Cell membrane

13. What makes up the cell membrane?
A Phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins

14. In the cell membrane, channels are formed in _____ molecules to allow certain molecules to pass through.?
protein

15. State the cell theory
1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells via cell division.

16. What is the function of lysosomes?
clean up crews of the cell; contain powerful enzymes

17. What is the function of the ER?

18. What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?
shape and internal organization, transport

19. What are cilia and flagella?
cilia move materials past the cell,and flagella enable cells to swim rapidly through liquids

20. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 25% salt when the inside of the cell contains 5% salt? Where is the water concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell will shrink. There is a higher water concentration inside of the cell. Hypertonic

21. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 5% salt when the inside of the cell contains 25% salt? Where is the water concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell will swell. There is a higher concentration of water outside of the cell. HYPOTONIC

22. In active transport what way do molecules move? Is energy used?
From Low to High concentration. Yes, energy is used.

23. In passive transport what way do molecules move? Is energy used?
From High to Low concentration. Energy is not used.

24. List the types of passive transport.
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

25. What organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroids in glands and the breakdown of toxic waste?
Smooth ER

26. Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
Which Four structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

27. Define pinocytosis.
type of active transport which allows small droplets of water into the cell ; moves tiny surrounding liquids into the cell

28. What are Microfilaments and microtubules?
Filaments-supports the cell and help some cells move Tubules- maintaining cell shape

29. What organelle converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars?
chloroplasts

30. If a cell requires a large amount of energy, what organelle would it have a lot of?
mitochondria

31. moves a large solid piece of material into the cell
Define phagocytosis.
moves a large solid piece of material into the cell

32. type of active transport which allows materials out of the cell
Define exocytosis.
type of active transport which allows materials out of the cell

33. What is the purpose of the cell wall?
To protect and provide
support for some cells such as
Plants, fungi, and bacteria

34. What is the function of a ribosome?
Site of protein synthesis ; makes proteins

35. What is the function of the nucleus of a cell?
The control center of the cell; controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA

36. What is the main function of the cell wall?
To protect and provide support for some cells such as Plants, fungi, and bacteria

37. What are the differences between plant & animal cells?
  Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall while animal cells do not. Plant cells have a rectangular shape because of their cell wall, while animal cells have a more circular or irregular shape due to the lack of a cell wall. Plants have a central vacuole, and animals may have many small vacuoles.

38. What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus ?
package substances that are to be released from the cell

39. What are Vacuoles?
storage centers of cells; they store water, food materials, or wastes; water & carbohydrates are stored here

40. What are Vesicles?
sacs that function in transporting materials throughout the cell

41. What is the function of the Mitochondria?
  converts the chemical energy stored in food into useable energy

42. What are the differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotes have a nucleus & membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes have circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA.

43. What are the differences between active & passive transport?
  Active transport transports substances into and out of the cell from areas of LOW concentration TO areas of HIGH concentration USING ENERGY. Passive transport transports substances into and out of the cell from areas of HIGH concentration TO areas of LOW concentration without using energy.

44. How are active & passive transport similar?
Both transport substances
into and out of the cell across
the cell membrane.

45. How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar?
Both contain DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

46. How are plant and animal cells similar?
Both plant and animal cells contain cell membranes, DNA in a nucleus, ribosomes, and cytoplasm, as well as some other common organelles

47. What would happen to a cell placed in a solution that contains 25% salt when the inside of the cell contains 25% salt? Where is the water concentration higher? What type of solution is the cell in?
The cell would remain the same size, water would move both into and out of the cell at the same time. Water concentration is equal on both sides. ISOTONIC SOLUTION.