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Topics 1 and 2
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What does it mean for a compound to be organic?
they contain carbon
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Water is (circle one) polar / nonpolar because the electrons are not evenly shared.
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What are some properties of water that make it important to life ?
polar molecule that forms hydrogen bonds; Cohesion/adhesion, high specific heat, density, universal solvent
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What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?
monomers are building blocks of polymers
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Dehydration synthesis _removes____ water to _form____a bond, while hydrolysis__ adds______ water to __break___a bond.
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Carbohydrates have a _1__: _2__: _1__ ratio of the elements C:H:O
Carbohydrates have a _1__: _2__: _1__ ratio of the elements C:H:O. Carbohydrates are the main ___energy___ source for a cell.
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Why are there no monomers of lipids?
Composed of glycerol And fatty acid chains …but lipids have no true monomer because they are not composed of repeating subunits
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Lipids make up the majority of the cell _membrane____.
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Nucleic acids have the following elements: _____C, H,N, O, P_
Nucleic acids have the following elements: _____C, H,N, O, P_. Nucleic acids store our _____genetic code___.
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Carboxyl group Amine group Varying R groups
Amino acids (the monomers of a protein) are made up of what three parts? Carboxyl group Amine group Varying R groups
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How do enzymes act as biological catalysts?
They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions to start in our bodies
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Monosaccharide/ polysaccharide Energy/structure
Macromolecule Elements Monomer and polymer Roles Carbohydrates CHO Monosaccharide/ polysaccharide Energy/structure Lipids CH and a little O Long-term energy storage; cell membrane Nucleic acids CHOPN Nucleotide / nucleic acid Genetic material Proteins CHON and S Amino acid /polypeptide chain Structure, enzymes
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Topic 2
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What structure defines a cell?
the nucleus
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What do we a call an organism that does have a nucleus
What do we a call an organism that does have a nucleus? ______eukaryote____ What do we call an organism that does not have a nucleus? _____prokaryote___
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What are two examples of prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaebacteria
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What are three types of eukaryotes?
plants, animals, and fungi
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Ribosomes help to make __proteins_for the cell
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The fluid in the cells is called the _____cytoplasm___
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The Endoplasmic reticulum sends proteins to the __Golgi__ Bodies for further modification
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The section of the Endoplasmic Reticulum with attached ribosomes is called the __rough_________ ER The section of the Endoplasmic Reticulum without ribosomes is called the _____smooth______ ER
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When a protein leaves the Golgi Bodies, what does it take with it?
a piece of ____membrane___; this piece will help transport it around the cell and fuse with the cell membrane.
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What could be transported in a vesicle?
proteins
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Lysosomes perform what function?
Clean up (dissolve and digest)
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What is an organelle? membrane bound subunit of the cell
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Where do we turn sugars into ATP?
mitochondria
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What organelle do plants use for photosynthesis?
chloroplasts use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
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What do filaments do? provide cell structure
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