1. How did the first communities develop?71

2. How did humans develop?
Scientists believe the first human-like beings developed about 3.5 million years ago.
Modern humans, known as homo sapiens (“wise men”) probably developed about 200,000 years ago in Africa.
Early humans were hunter-gatherers. They hunted animals and gathered plants for food.
Humans would gather in small groups, and would develop language as a way to communicate about how food was given out.

3. Do Now
On a T-chart, make a list of things early man could probably do alone.
Then list the things early man could not do alone.

4. Not alone
Alone

5. How did humans develop communities?
At first, finding food was most important. Humans gathered in small groups for protection and to share food.
By the end of the Ice Age (10,00 years ago), humans learned how to plant seeds for their food. They also learned how to tame and use animals for food and work. This led to the development of agriculture (farming).

6. How did humans develop communities?
With agriculture, humans had a much better chance for survival.
Humans began to focus on activities outside of finding food.
People learned how to develop specialized tools, make fire, and make clothing from plant fibers and wool instead of animal skins.
Thanks to high survival rates, the early small groups became larger communities.
Some of these communities eventually became towns.

7. What were the challenges of early communities?
food
shelter
resources
space
safety
rules
morale

8. Activity
On the next page is a piece of land without humans on it.
You are the first humans to settle here.
As a group, decide on a place on the map to settle.
Be prepared to explain why you chose that place.