2. To energize or not to energize?
What is energy anyway?

3. Energy
A. definitions
1. energy
2. work
3. thermal energy

4. 4. Types of energy
a. Kinetic energy
b. Potential energy

5. Potential vs. Kinetic Energy

6. 5. Open vs. closed systems

7. 6. Entropy

8. 7. Types of chemical reactions
a. endergonic
stores energy
decreases entropy
not spontaneous
requires energy input
Biological example

9. 7. Types of chemical reactions
Exergonic reactions
you know what to put here from the previous slide

10. 8. Metabolism

11. What type of reaction is illustrated in the diagram below?
Anabolic
Exergonic
Catabolic
One that increases entropy
Free energy (G)

12. B. Laws of thermodynamics
1. First Law
Definition
Repurcussions

13. Plants, being autotrophs, create their own energy.
True
False

14. 2. Second law of thermodynamics
Energy conversions are not 100% effective
When energy changes form, some energy is lost as waste heat
Entropy is always increasing

15. Life creates order. The second law of thermodynamics says that disorder is always increasing. Do living systems violate the second law of thermodynamics?
Yes No
I don’t know

16. Explanation of question

17. C. Importance of ATP Energy currency of cell
Produced in the mitochondria and chloroplasts
Used whenever the cell needs to perform work

18. Molecular Structure of ATP

19. II. Nature of chemical reactions-chaotic
A. Chaotidc

20. II. Nature of chemical reactions
B. Sometimes a productive collision occurs
Powerful
Correctly oriented
Enough speed to overcome electron repulsion

21. II. Nature of chemical reaction
C. Transition state forms
Represents high energy state
Very unstable
Very short lived
Old bonds are broken
New bonds form

22. What type of reaction occurred in this reaction?
Catabolic
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
Ionic bond formation
Both 1 & 2

23. II. Nature of chemical reactions C. Types of chemical reactions
Exergonic reaction Endergonic reaction
Energy coupling

24. III. Energetics of chemical reactions
A. Energy profile at room temperature

25. III. Energetics of chemical reactions
B. Tricks chemists play
add heat
stir
increase concentration of reactants
increase pressure on reactants
add a catalyst

26. Effect of heating a chemical reaction

27. Effect of increasing the reactants’ concentrations

28. IV. How Enzymes Work
A. Normally

29. B. Characteristics of enzyme function

30. C. Effect on energy dynamics

31. D. Molecules at biological temperatures

32. E. Analogy of Volkswagon on the hill