1. RAT DISSECTION
Image from:

2. VIBRISSAE Nictitating membrane EXTERNAL NARES Image by
Riedell/VanderWal
© 2005
Nictitating membrane
VIBRISSAE
EXTERNAL NARES

3. Nictitating membrane in Mammals
Present in most mammals
More functional in some than others
Vestigial in HUMANS
and other PRIMATES

4. SPECIALIZED TEETH (Different shapes)
Image by
Riedell/VanderWal
© 2005
SPECIALIZED TEETH (Different shapes)
RODENTS: 2 pairs of INCISORS
Grow CONTINUOUSLY

5. PINNA Catches sound Tympanic membrane (eardrum) inside ear opening
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

6. MAMMARY GLANDS Modified sweat glands Males are non-functional
Have nipples but don’t have right hormones to make milk

7. EXIT OPENINGS Separate exit for feces = anus

8. FEMALES have 3 Exit openings
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
FEMALES have 3 Exit openings

9. MALES have 2 Exit openings ANUS UROGENITAL (Excretory & Reproductive share)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

10. TESTES outside body in SCROTUM Need to be cooler than body temperature to make sperm
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

11. DIAPHRAGM
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

12. DIAPHRAGM Contracts to pull in air (negative pressure breathing)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Contracts to pull in air (negative pressure breathing)
Divides coelom into:
THORACIC CAVITY
heart & lungs
ABDOMINAL CAVITY digestive, excretory, reproductive organs

14. SPLEEN Peeks out from behind stomach
Makes, stores, and processes blood cells
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

15. PANCREAS Makes TRYPSIN digest proteins Makes INSULIN
(In mesentery next to duodenum)
Makes TRYPSIN
digest proteins
Makes INSULIN
tells cells to store blood glucose as glycogen
Makes GLUCAGON
tells cells to release stored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

16. MESENTERY
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

17. Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Stomach

18. Add acid/grind & mash food SMALL INTESTINE:
STOMACH -
Add acid/grind & mash food
SMALL INTESTINE:
DUODENUM- Add trypsin (digest proteins) & bile (digest fat)
JEJUNUM-
Finish digestion/absorb nutrients
ILEUM-
VILLI-increase surface area for greater absorption

19. CECUM-
“J” Pouch at junction of small and large intestine
Contain bacteria to digest plant material
LARGE INTESTINE-
Collect & Concentrate digestive waste
absorb water back from feces
RECTUM-
Last part of Large intestine
Stores feces waiting to exit
ANUS
Exit opening for digestive waste only

20. TRACHEA Cartilage rings keep airway open
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 20075

21. BRONCHI ALVEOLI Increase surface area for more gas exchange

22. 4 chamber heart/2 loops
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

23. SINUS VENOSUS & CONUS ARTERIOSUS ARE GONE
Main vein returning from body = VENA CAVA Main vein from lungs = PULMONARY VEIN
Main artery to body
= AORTA
Main artery to lungs
= PULMONARY ARTERY

24. Make digestive enzymes
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
SALIVARY GLANDS
Make digestive enzymes
AMYLASE starts
digesting complex
carbohydrates (starch)
in mouth

25. SEMINAL VESICLES- Store sperm Add fluids VAS DEFERENS- Carry sperm to
EPIDIDYMIS-
Mature sperm
Add tails
TESTES-
Make sperm
Image by
Riedell/VanderWal
© 2005

26. Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta
Image by
Riedell/VanderWal
© 2005
OVARY-
Makes eggs
OVIDUCT-
Carries eggs to uterus
UTERUS-
place where
baby grows
VAGINA-
Exit for baby
VIVIPARITY-
Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta

27. Image by
Riedell/VanderWal
© 2005

29. KIDNEYS Excrete nitrogen waste Osmoregulation
URETERS Carry urine to bladder
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

30. URINARY BLADDER URETHRA carries urine from bladder to exit
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005