2. Dugong foraging & shark density
Solid circles = deep, open circles = shallow for dugongs

3. Which model best predicted density?

10. Contrast a Seagrass system near people
e.g., southern Florida
Near extinction of
manatees
large sharks
sea turtles
Addition of
coastal development
altered hydrology
increased nutrient input

16. Problems in Florida Bay seagrass

17. Changes in seagrass beds

18. Complexity in habitats: e.g., Big Pine Key

19. Complexity in distributions of organisms

20. Heterogeneous communities

21. Changes in local development

22. Regional Patterns: Sampling Levels

23. Fresh water & nutrient inputs increase chlorophyll concentrations in water

24. P or N nutrient limitation varies

25. Dry season patterns of chlorophyll

26. Wet season patterns of chlorophyll

27. Larry Brand 2000 http://www.reefrelief.org/main.html:
An Evaluation of the Scientific Basis for "Restoring" Florida Bay by Increasing Freshwater Runoff from the Everglades
“Taken together, these data suggest that nutrients from Everglades-agriculture runoff are being transported to not just Florida Bay, but also the Florida Keys and coral reefs, and contributing to their eutrophication.”

28. “Red Tide” sampling areas

29. Densities of “red tide” dinoflagellates

30. Karenia brevis, the alga that causes red tide

31. Karenia and its community context
Source:

32. The devastaing effects of HABs are frequently seen on the west coast of Florida where the proliferation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve can result in massive fish kills, closure of shellfish beds due to NSP and skin and respiratory irritation to humans at the seashore.

33. Mammals and birds also are affected

34. Increasing frequency of HAB
Sellner et al J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 30:

35. Anthropogenic effects?

36. transport

37. natural nutrient “loading”

38. Questions to consider
Are HAB “natural”? Does the answer influence our response?
If causes are complex, should we give up on attempts to improve the situation?
What strategies might be applied?