1. Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site Anatomical Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy Using Conventional Instruments: Initial Experience and Short-Term Outcome 
Xu Zhang, Tao-ping Shi, Hong-zhao Li, Xin Ma, Bao-jun Wang 
The Journal of Urology 
Volume 185, Issue 2, Pages (February 2011)
DOI: /j.juro
Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
LESS-ARA port sites. Below lower margin of 12th rib 2.5 to 3 cm transverse skin incision is made in midaxillary line for TriPort, and 5 mm 30-degree rigid laparoscope and 2 conventional straight laparoscopic instruments are used.
The Journal of Urology  , DOI: ( /j.juro )
Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A, LESS-ARA patient positioning. B, deployed TriPort with insufflation channel attached. C, external view during LESS-ARA. D, postoperative photograph shows 2.5 cm scar at port insertion site 10 days after LESS-ARA.
The Journal of Urology  , DOI: ( /j.juro )
Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
LESS-ARA internal views. A, Gerota's fascia is incised longitudinally along posterior peritoneal reflection (arrows). B, first dissection plane between perirenal fat and anterior Gerota's fascia (GF) is located at superomedial side of upper kidney pole (UKP). C, adrenal tumor (AT) is identified at first dissection plane. D, by grasping peri-adrenal fat cephalad bottom of adrenal gland or tumor is separated from parenchymal surface of upper kidney pole. Third dissection plane is then developed. E, inferior adrenal vessels located at lower median aspect of adrenal gland are transected by clipping or using ultrasonic scalpel. F, upper adrenal arteries (UAA) are transected.
The Journal of Urology  , DOI: ( /j.juro )
Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Operative time in each case plotted against its operative order. Curve was derived by plotting through data points using growth regression over span. Open circles indicate successful LESS-ARA. Black circles indicate converted cases.
The Journal of Urology  , DOI: ( /j.juro )
Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Terms and Conditions