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4.1 Introduction to the Cell pp. 69-72
What’s inside? Organelles = internal structures that do specific jobs Eukaryotes = cells that have membranes around their organelles Prokaryotes = cells that don’t have membranes around organelles Can you name some eukaryotes? Name some prokaryotes?
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A typical rod-shaped bacterium (b)
Fig. 6-6 Fimbriae Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Bacterial chromosome Cell wall Capsule 0.5 µm Flagella (a) A typical rod-shaped bacterium (b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM)
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Nucleolus NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER
Fig. 6-9a Nuclear envelope ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Nucleolus NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER Flagellum Chromatin Centrosome Plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Ribosomes Microvilli Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Lysosome
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4.1 Introduction to the Cell pp. 69-72
Cell membranes Made of lipid bilayers that allow small molecules to pass through Kind of like the latex of a water balloon Can you name some things with membranes?
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Carbohydrate side chain
Fig. 6-7 (a) TEM of a plasma membrane Outside of cell Inside of cell 0.1 µm Carbohydrate side chain Hydrophilic region Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic region Phospholipid Proteins (b) Structure of the plasma membrane
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10 m 1 m 0.1 m 1 cm 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 0.1 nm
Fig. 6-2 10 m Human height 1 m Length of some nerve and muscle cells 0.1 m Unaided eye Chicken egg 1 cm Frog egg 1 mm 100 µm Most plant and animal cells Light microscope 10 µm Nucleus Most bacteria 1 µm Mitochondrion 100 nm Smallest bacteria Electron microscope Viruses Ribosomes 10 nm Proteins Lipids 1 nm Small molecules 0.1 nm Atoms
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4.1 Introduction to the Cell pp. 69-72
Summary: All cells have membranes, usually prokaryotic cells are more simple. (small, no membrane organelles)
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