1. Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 9: Cardiovascular system
Waggy

2. Key Concepts Structure of the heart Protection of the heart
Heart chambers & Valves
Pathway of the blood
Cardiac Cycle
The Conduction System
Blood Vessels
Circulatory Circuits
Disorders & Diseases

3. Structure of the Heart Heart Size –
Located in the mediastinum (space between lungs, backbone, sternum),

4. Structure of the Heart Is about the size of a closed fist
Lies between the lungs, superior to the diaphragm
It rest on the diaphragm in the region known as the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity
About 2/3 of the heart’s mass lies to the left of the midline
It is roughly triangular and has a pointed apex (made of ventricles) and a base at the top where the vessels enter

5. Protection of the heart
Fibrous Pericardium
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium

6. Pericardial cavity –
Epicardium –
Myocardium –
Endocardium –

7. Heart Chambers
Heart has 4 chambers:
2 Atria –
2 Ventricles –
Septum –

8. Heart Valves Blood flows in one direction through the
heart due to valves
There are two groups of valves: 1. 2.
Atrioventricular valves

9. Semilunar valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve:
Aortic semilunar valve:

10. Heart Sounds
The sound of the heart is actually the sound of the valves opening & closing.
Lub:
Dub:

11. Path of Blood Flow

14. Path of Blood Flow

15. Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle:
Diastole:
Systole:

17. Pulse

18. Blood Supply to the heart

19. Heart Conduction System

20. Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node

22. Types of Blood Vessels
Three types of blood vessels:
Arteries : 
Veins:

23. Capillaries: 

24. Major Blood Vessels Aorta - Pulmonary Trunk – Pulmonary Veins –
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava –

26. Circulatory circuits Your heart is a double pump making two circuits:
1. Pulmonary circuit (lungs only)
2. Systemic circuit (rest of the body)

27. Pulmonary Circuit

28. Systemic Circuit

29. Arterial Branches of Systemic Circulation
4 major divisions of aorta

31. Veins of the Systemic Circulation
All systemic veins merge to form the superior and inferior vena cavas, which empty into the right atrium

32. Heart Disorders Arrhythmia Includes: Bradycardia Tachycardia
Heart flutter
Fibrillation

33. Blood Vessel Disorders
Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

34. Blood Pressure Problems
Pre-hypertension -
Hypertension
Hypotension

35. Factors affecting blood pressure
Cardiac output:
Blood volume:
Peripheral resistance:
Viscosity:

36. Other cardiovascular disorders
MVP - mitral valve prolapse,
Heart Murmurs –
Myocardial Infarction (MI) -
SADS  = (Sudden Arrhythmia/Adult Death Syndrome) -

37. The End