1. critical thinking in health careers
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
critical thinking in health careers
31st Annual NN2 Conference
October 4th, 2018
Sponsored by McGraw-Hill Education
Kathryn A. Booth
RN-BSN, RMA (AMT), RPT, CPhT, EFR, MS
Total Care Programming, Inc.

2. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Think!
Connect all the dots using no more than 4 straight lines without lifting off the page.

3. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
One possible solution

4. Presentation Objectives
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Presentation Objectives
• Identify the traits of critical thinkers.
• Relate how critical thinking affects behavior and practice.
• Apply critical thinking techniques
WHAT? – IF? -- WHY? – HOW?

5. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical Thinking?
What do you “think” about critical thinking?

6. Critical thinking characteristics
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking characteristics
Inquisitive
Well-informed
Trustful of reason
Open-minded
Flexible
Fair-minded in evaluation
Honest in facing personal biases
Prudent in making judgments
Willing to reconsider
Clear about issues
Orderly in complex matters
Diligent in seeking relevant information
Reasonable in the selection of criteria
Focused in inquiry
Persistent in seeking results that are as precise as possible
Can think outside the box
THE WHAT?

7. American Philosophical Association definition
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
American Philosophical Association definition
“Critical thinking is the process of purposeful, self- regulatory judgment, which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based.” (Delphi project Facione 1990)
THE WHAT?

8. Common Threads to critical thinking description
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Common Threads to critical thinking description
Reasoned Thinking
Problem Solving
Fair-minded Evaluation
Informed Judgments
(Halstead and Tomson, ETS Project, June 2006)
THE WHAT?

9. CRITICAL THINKING VS BLOOMS
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
CRITICAL THINKING VS BLOOMS
12/5/2018
Critical Thinking
Blooms (Revised)
THE WHAT?

10. WHEN THESE ARE real test answers!
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
SO WHERE DO WE START?
WHEN THESE ARE real test answers!
THE WHAT?

11. Critical Thinking Ability
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical Thinking Ability
THE IF?

12. Critical thinking ability
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking ability
+ Knowledge/intellectual skills
+ Technical skills
+ Interpersonal skills
+ Critical thinking characteristics
= CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY
SO ARE YOU A CRITICAL THINKER?
THE IF?

13. Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker?
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker?
I hate talk shows where people just state their opinions but never give any reasons at all.
I prefer jobs where the supervisor says exactly what to do and exactly how to do it.
Figuring out what people really mean by what they say is important to me.
No matter how complex the problem, you can bet there will be a simple solution.
I always do better in jobs where I'm expected to think things out for myself.
I don't waste time looking things up.
I hold off making decisions until I’ve thought through my options.
THE IF?

14. Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? (cont.)
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Quiz: Are You a Critical Thinker? (cont.)
I hate it when teachers discuss problems instead of just giving the answers.
Rather than relying on someone else's notes, I prefer to read the material myself.
I try to see the merit in another’s opinion, even if I reject it later.
If my belief is truly sincere, evidence to the contrary is irrelevant.
Even if a problem is tougher than I expected, I’ll keep working on it.
Making intelligent decisions is more important than winning arguments.
Selling an idea is like selling cars: you say whatever works.
THE IF?

15. Answers: Critical Thinking Quiz
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Answers: Critical Thinking Quiz
Agree
Disagree
Disagree
Agree
THE IF?

16. Critical Thinking in Action
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical Thinking in Action
Understand your own biases
Don’t take information on authority until you’ve investigated it yourself
Think several moves ahead
Put yourself in others’ shoes
Analyze the pressures you are facing
Deal with your ego-centrism
Analyze group influences on your life
Question your assumptions and conclusions
THE IF?

17. Critical thinking indicators
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking indicators
Self-confident
Curious and inquisitive
Honest
Context alert
Open and fair-minded
Analytical and insightful
Logical
Reflective and corrective
THE IF?

18. Do we think critically all the time?
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Do we think critically all the time?
Three experienced health professionals come upon the scene of an accident. There is a car wrapped up against a pole and the man sitting about 15 feet from the car holding his head. One calls 911, another begins to speak to the patient and evaluate his orientation. The third checks the patient for bleeding and other injuries.
What did the health professionals do correctly?
What did the health professionals do incorrectly?

19. Critical thinking in practice
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking in practice
THE WHY?

20. Critical thinking and employment
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking and employment
Critical thinking is the raw material that underlies fundamental workplace competencies, such as problem solving, decision making, planning, and risk management. (US Department of Labor)
Critical thinking empowers decision making skills, enhances job satisfaction through professional integrity, and achieves expertise in practice. (Rubenfeld & Scheffer, 2010)
THE WHY?

21. Critical thinking in healthcare
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking in healthcare
Critical thinking in healthcare is needed because of the advances in information technology, dwindling resources, cost containment, morbidity and mortality data, and patient safety. (Benner, Hughes, & Sutphen, 2008)
THE WHY?

22. Critical thinking in healthcare requires
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking in healthcare requires
Collaboration with other disciplines
Collaboration with patient and family
THE WHY?

23. Critical thinking and education
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Critical thinking and education
TWO PLACES TO APPLY
USING CRITICALLY THINKING WHEN DEALING WITH STUDENTS
TEACHING OUR STUDENTS TO THINK CRITICALLY
THE WHY?

24. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Let’s think
In the diagram below, which letter does not belong? k m q w

25. Teaching critical thinking
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Teaching critical thinking
THE HOW?

26. Teaching and Critical Thinking
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Teaching and Critical Thinking
What to Think?
Didactic: the students learn what the teacher knows
How to Think
Students find their own way through problems
VS.
THE HOW?

27. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
the best way:
to learn to critically think is to be required to think critically!
EXPOSURE!
THE HOW?

28. What I hear, I forgot: What I see, I remember; What I do, I understand
Active learning
What I hear, I forgot:
What I see, I remember;
What I do, I understand
Confucius 451 BC:
THE HOW?

29. Active learning promotes critical thinking through:
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Active learning promotes critical thinking through:
Learning to problem solve
Questioning that promotes metacognition
Self-evaluation and reflection
Performance ratings and rubrics
Adaptive training/testing
Case studies
Soft skill practice
Simulation
Gaming
Video-based reviews
Portfolios
Interviews/Debriefings
THE HOW?

30. Learning to problem Solving
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Learning to problem Solving
THE HOW?

31. Developing discussion questions
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Developing discussion questions
Questions should ask students to reflect on their own thinking processes require metacognition. Examples include:
“What are the implications of ___?”
“Why is ___ important?”
“What is another way to look at ___?”
THE HOW?

32. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
SELF-EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS (Procedure 3-1 Booth MA 6e)
THE HOW?

33. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
Active learning: Case studies, critical thinking and soft skills success*
THE HOW?
*From Medical Assisting 6e

34. Active learning – simulation and gaming*
Medical Office
THE HOW? *

35. ONE MORE TIME

36. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
The following combination of letters represents a sentence from which one particular vowel has been removed. Figure out what that vowel is and re-insert it eleven times, in eleven different places, and you will be able to determine what the sentence is saying.
VRYFINXMP LARXCDSW HATWXPCT

37. THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT CRITICAL THINKING
12/5/2018
How did you do?
The missing letter is E.
EVERY FINE EXEMPLAR EXCEEDS WHAT WE EXPECT

38. Using Multimedia Software in the Classroom!
Take yourself from
THIS
THIS
by using and teaching critical thinking! TO
Total Care Programming 1999 by Kathryn A. Haddix

39. Kathryn A. Booth RN-BSN, RMA (AMT) RPT, CPhT, EFR, MS