1. Covalent Bonds
Chapter 5 Section 3

2. Covalent Bonds The chemical bond when two atoms _________ electrons.
Usually form between atoms of ___________
Often forms between a nonmetal and _____________
By sharing electrons, each atom has a stable outer shell.

3. By sharing electrons in a covalent bond, each Fluorine atom has a stable set of eight valence electrons.

4. Water is a perfect example of a covalent bond.
Chemical Formula: ______
How many oxygen atoms: ______
Valence e-: _____
How many Hydrogen atoms: _____
Valence e- each: _____
Total valence e-: _____
So the two ____ atoms are sharing one electron each with the ____ atom.
Now, all three atoms have a stable outer shell of electrons.

5. The nitrogen atom in ammonia has eight valence electrons as a result of forming covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms.
Chemical Formula: ______
How many nitrogen atoms: ______
Valence e-: _____
How many Hydrogen atoms: _____
Valence e- each: _____
Total valence e-: _____
So the ____ atoms are sharing one electron each with the ____ atom.
Now, all _____ atoms have a stable outer shell of electrons.

6. Double Bonds Oxygen has ____ valence e-. Carbon has ____ valence e-.
They each share ____________ to complete each other’s shell.
Carbon has ____ valence e-.
Carbon shares ____________ with one oxygen and ___________ with another oxygen to complete all three atoms’ outer shells.

7. Triple Bonds! Nitrogen has ____ valence e-.
If it bonds with another Nitrogen, they each share ____ valence e- to complete each other.
Remember! What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
Private message a classmate. . .

8. Physical Characteristics of Covalent Compounds
A.K.A = “Molecular Compounds”
Lower Melting and Boiling points
Do not conduct electrical current when melted or dissolved in water.
Why do you think that Molecular Compound do not conduct a current?

9. Unequal Sharing of Electrons
Occurs when an atom of an element pulls more strongly on shared electrons.
Causes the bonded atoms to have slight electrical charges.
Atom with the stronger pull has a slight ___________ charge.
Atom with the weaker pull has a slight ____________ charge.
Unequal bonding is called
Polar bond
Equal bonding is called
Nonpolar bond.