1. APPENDIX B NETWORKS AND TELECOM
CLASSROOM OPENER
GREAT BUSINESS DECISIONS – Akito Morita of Sony Decides to Develop the Walkman
Akito Morita noticed that young people like listening to music wherever they went. He decided to find a way for people to listen to music while they walked, ran, danced, or jogged. From this Morita designed the Walkman. The first Sony Walkman was introduced in 1980 and was an instant success. Many of Sony’s successes are based on innovation. The company has an instinctive ability to find and pursue market opportunities.
In 1949, the company developed the magnetic recording tape
In 1950, the company sold the first tape recorder in Japan
In 1957, the company produced a pocket-size radio
In 1960, Sony produced the first transistor TV in the world
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

2. Overview Network Basics Architecture Topology Protocols Media
NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Network Basics
Architecture
Topology
Protocols
Media

3. NETWORK BASICS
Telecommunication system - Enable the transmission of data over public or private networks
Network - A communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate
CLASSROOM OPENER
HowStuffWorks
provides a wealth of knowledge ranging from computer basics to network infrastructures. There are several demos and diagrams. Show your students the site and demo the Internet Infrastructure.

4. NETWORK BASICS The three types of networks include:
Local area network (LAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Music is the hottest new product line at ubiquitous coffee retailer Starbucks. In Starbucks stores, customers can burn CDs while sipping coffee, thanks to the company’s own online music library and increasingly sophisticated in-store network

5. NETWORK BASICS What type of network is located at your school?
Do you use more than one type?
Can your students explain the different types of networks found at your school?
How does a wireless network differ from the above three network types?

6. NETWORK BASICS Networks are differentiated by the following:
Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server
Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless
Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Understanding Networks
This website offers great content on understanding networks

7. ARCHITECTURE There are two primary types of architectures
Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
Client/server network
What is the primary difference between these two types of architectures?
The server
A peer-to-peer network does not have a server

8. Peer-to-Peer Networks
Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - Any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations
BitTorrent is an excellent example of peer-to-peer
Discuss the Apply Your Knowledge project on BitTorrent (AYK project 7 – Contemplating Sharing)

9. Client/Server Networks
Client - A computer that is designed to request information from a server
Server - A computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests
Client/server network - Model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients
Is your PC a client or a server?
Chances are most student computers are clients on the universities network
Can your PC be a client or a server?
Both, any PC can be used as a server – you simply install the server operating system

10. Client/Server Networks
Network operating system (NOS) - The operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users
Packet-switching - Occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer
Router - An intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination
Why is a router so important to a business?
The router is used to receive packets from the Internet

11. Client/Server Networks
Can you diagram your college’s network?
Try to get a copy of the network at your school. Showing students a network they are familiar with helps to cement networking concepts.

12. Client/Server Networks
Worldwide router growth
Why is the growth of routers increasing?
Is there a correlation between router growth and the increase of Internet use?
Yes

13. TOPOLOGY
Network topology - Refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices) in a network
Bus
Star
Ring
Hybrid
Wireless
Bus - All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or backbone. Bus networks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install for small networks
Star - All devices are connected to a central device, called a hub. Star networks are relatively easy to install and manage, but bottlenecks can occur because all data must pass through the hub
Ring - All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it. Ring topologies are relatively expensive and difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span large distances
Hybrid - Groups of star-configured workstations are connected to a linear bus backbone cable, combining the characteristics of the bus and star topologies
Wireless - Devices are connected by a receiver/transmitter to a special network interface card that transmits signals between a computer and a server, all within an acceptable transmission range

14. TOPOLOGY Which network topology is being used in your college?
If you could choose one type of topology for your college – what would it be and why?

15. PROTOCOLS
Protocol - A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission
Interoperability - The capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers
Why is interoperability so important in today's world?
With so many different worldwide manufactures of computer components it is imperative that all of the devices work together

16. Ethernet
Ethernet - A physical and data layer technology for LAN networking
Are you are using a cable to connect to the Internet? If so, is it Ethernet?

17. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - Provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private network
Do you use TCP/IP?
If you are on the Internet, yes, you are using TCP/IP.

18. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TCP/IP applications
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
Simple network management Protocol (SNMP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Allows files containing text, programs, graphics, numerical data, and so on to be downloaded off or uploaded onto a network.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) TCP/IP’s own messaging system for .
Telnet Protocol Provides terminal emulation that allows a personal computer or workstation to act as a terminal, or access device, for a server.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Allows Web browsers and servers to send and receive Web pages.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Allows the management of networked nodes to be managed from a single point

19. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
Why is the OSI model important?
The OSI model provides standards that allow for interoperability between computer platforms

20. Voice over IP (VoIP)
Voice over IP (VoIP) - Uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines
Numerous vendors offer VoIP services; however, the service works differently depending on the vendor’s IT infrastructure
The start-up Skype pairs P2P (peer-to-peer) technology with a PC’s sound card to create a voice service, which the user can use to call other Skype users
Unfortunately, the user can talk only to other Skype users
Vonage lets the user place calls to any person who has a mobile or landline (regular telephone) number
Vonage sends the call over a cable via a digital-to-analog converter
A few providers even offer an adapter for a traditional handset that plugs into a broadband modem
All of these vendors are providing VoIP, but the service and its features can vary significantly

21. MEDIA
Network transmission media - Refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers
Wire media (guided)
Wireless media (unguided)
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Cell Phones and Airplanes
Break your students into groups and ask them to research the Internet to find the reasons why people are required to turn off their cell phones when they are on an airplane. There are two reasons why cell phones are not allowed on an airplane:
The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) bans the use of cell phones on airplanes because they could wreak havoc with cell phone systems on the ground. Signals from your cell phone, when you use it on or near the ground, reach just a few cell phone nodes near you and the node that is getting the strongest signal picks up your call. If you move, while driving your car or walking, the next node picks up the call. From the air, however, your phone's signal could reach miles, hitting many nodes at once, all with equal strength. Plus, you are moving at several hundred miles an hour. Cell phone systems were not designed to handle that.
The Federal Aviation Administration, for its part, supports the FCC ban for its own reasons. They fear cell phones may interfere with navigation and other aircraft systems.
Incident reports submitted by airline crews also demonstrate the potential for trouble. NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System's "Passenger Electronic Devises Database Report Set" -- which could be subtitled "passengers behaving badly" -- contains several reports of incidents involving passengers whose "personal electronic devices" seemed to create disturbances in aircrafts' electronic systems.
Review the IM for a complete listing

22. Wire Media
Wire media - Transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably
Three most commonly used types include:
Twisted-pair wiring
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic (or optical fiber)
Wire media are transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably. The three most commonly used types of guided media are
Twisted-pair wiring
Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable
Twisted-pair wiring - refers to a type of cable composed of four (or more) copper wires twisted around each other within a plastic sheath
Coaxial cable – carries a wide range of frequencies with low signal loss
Fiber optic (or optical fiber) - refers to the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass wire or fiber

23. Wire Media

24. Wireless Media
Wireless media - Natural parts of the Earth’s environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals
How many of your laptops use wireless connectivity?
What are the advantages of wireless connectivity?
When you purchase a device does its wireless capabilities play a part in your purchasing decisions?
MP3 players are beginning to offer wireless capabilities, will you buy a new MP3 player just to receive the wireless connectivity?

25. EBUSINESS NETWORKS
What is the relationship between strategic initiatives such as supply chain management and customer relationship management and e-business networks?
The technology component of these initiatives depends on the ebusiness network to make the initiative successful
For example, without an ebusiness network having a SCM system that can view all areas of the supply chain would be impossible