1. Knowledge

2. Types of Knowledge Knowledge by Acquaintance Ability
‘I know Bob’, ‘I know Robina;’
Ability
‘I know French’, ‘I know how to ride a bike;’
Propositional Knowledge
‘I know that Bob is a builder’, ‘I know that they speak French in Paris.’

3. Properties of Knowledge
Knowledge is a Propositional Attitude
Knowledge is a type of belief
True
Justified

4. Truth Correspondence What is ‘correspondence’?
A sentence is true if the world is the way that the sentence says that it is
‘Snow is white’ is true if snow is white
What is ‘correspondence’?
Not a picture
Does ‘Snow is white’ look like the whiteness of snow?
What corresponds to negative facts?

5. Truth Coherence What is coherence?
A sentence is true if it coheres with all the other true sentences
‘Snow is white’ is true if you can’t derive a contradiction from it and all your other beliefs
BUT I’ve got lots of false beliefs already, so it follows that I have no beliefs at all
What is coherence?
Consistency is defined in terms of Truth. Circular?

6. Truth Pragmatic A sentence is true if it works
‘Snow is white’ is true because you can design camouflage on the basis of it
BUT ‘The Earth is at the centre of the universe’ is true because you can predict eclipses using it

7. Justifications Are good reasons for holding beliefs,
Infallible Makes the ‘true’ criterion redundant
Fallible They can be wrong Preferred
Have properties which make them good reasons
Internal properties belong to the subject
External properties are real, objective, external

8. Justifications Reliabilism
A true belief is justified if the belief is formed by methods which reliably lead to true beliefs
We know what we can see because our senses are reliable
BUT we also know what we are told by a reliable oracle
We need to know how the justification works

9. Justifications Foundationalism
A true belief is justified if the belief is derived from basic true beliefs
What makes the basic beliefs true? Are they self-justifying? Are there any?

10. Justifications Coherentism
A true belief is justified if it coheres with the other beliefs that a subject holds
One can have beliefs that are false and coherent, and also coherent with a true belief