1. Nucleic Acids

2. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid genes and chromosomes
programs cell activities
in nucleus
produces RNA

3. RNA ribonucleic acid what ribosomes are made of produce proteins
3 types (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA)

4. Both made of nucleotides:
a 5 carbon sugar
phosphate
nitrogenous bases (2 types)
1) purine- adenine (A) and guanine (G)
2) pyrimidine- cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U- in RNA)
joined by ester linkages between phosphate and sugar

6. other nucleotides
ATP
NADH
FADH
NADPH
cAMP

7. Structure of DNA Chargaff’s rule 1) A=T and C=G
2) total purines = total pyrimidines
due to complementary base pairing- C always pairs with G and A always pairs with T (U in RNA)
hydrogen bonding between base pairs

8. Antiparallel strands parallel, but running in opposite directions
one runs in 5’ to 3’ direction, other runs 3’ to 5’
5’ is the strand ending with phosphate (on #5 carbon of sugar)
3’ is the strand ending with a hydroxyl group (on #3 carbon of sugar)