1. Challenging liberalism
2.12 – Students will examine the extent to which modern liberalism is challenged by alternative thought (Aboriginal collective thought, environmentalism, religious perspectives, extremism)

2. Challenges to liberalism from other perspectives
First Nations – Aboriginal Collective Thought
Métis Settlements

3. Religious Perspectives and Ways of thinking
Doukhobors – Russian-speaking dissenters who rejected the authority of Church and State. The fled to Canada because they were persecuted for their religious beliefs, their pacifism (refusal to participate in military service) and refusal to recognize a secular (non-religious) government.
Their land was taken away because they refused to swear allegiance to the crown.
Some Doukhobors were radical – Sons of Freedom (Freedomites). They engaged in demonstrations and were accused of engaging in arson to protest compulsory education, taxation and land seizures by the government and the excessive materialism of society

4. FREEDOMITES
Beliefs – living simple, subjecting themselves to self-denial, and tests of endurance and generally rejecting materialistic ways of thinking.
Welcoming War Resisters (pg. 257)

5. Bountiful, BC Fundamentalism and Mormonism
Under the Banner of Heaven – Jon Krakauer
See handout