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Published byChristiana Franklin Modified over 6 years ago
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This section is about the three types of Chemical Bonds:
Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, & Metallic Bonds But 1st lets review some facts about atoms and the periodic table.
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Lets review some past facts about atoms.
1. The center of the atom is known as the nucleus. Instead of this model We will use this model 2. The nucleus has positive protons + and neutral neutrons . N - - 3. Around the nucleus are orbits that negative electrons travel on. - - 1 4 Be 9 N + 1 P = 4 N = 5 2 - 2 - - 4. Now when we diagram atoms we will summarize the subatomic particles. 4 P = 4 E (0 charge)
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Example: Fluorine 9 F 18.998 9 F 19 19 -9 10 Now for the nucleus.
9 are protons Round to one’s place 1. Fluorine is in the nonmetal section. Row 2 Column 17. 19 19 items in the nucleus. -9 10 are neutrons 2. Row 2 means 2 orbits. 3. Family 17 means 7 valence electrons. - - N - - N - - 17 2 Nonmetals N - N - N + P = 9 N = 10 F - - - - N - - N - - - - 4 P = 4 E (0 charge)
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What is chemical bonding?
The combining of atoms of elements to form a new substance. Hydrogen (a gas) + Oxygen (a gas) + Hydrogen (a gas) 1 H 1 16 O 2 Becomes Water molecule
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Why would atoms want to bond?
Huh! To stabilize their orbits! Meanwhile, some atoms are trying to fill their last orbit by gaining 3,2 or 1 e-. These atoms will release these electrons Some atoms have 1, 2, or 3 electrons in their last energy level. and drop the last level. P = 8 N = 8 - N Oxygen N - N - N - + Be - P = 4 N = 5 It’s all about the valence electrons. - N - -
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Main facts about Ionic Bonds
metals nonmetals 1. Forms between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. 2. Lets look at the metal atom Lithium and the nonmetal atom Fluorine. 3. Atoms from the periodic table start off neutral. This is because the # of positive protons = the # of negative electrons. 4. These atoms wont stay neutral for long. P = 3 N = 4 Li - P = 9 N = 10 F - 5. Atoms want a full orbit, so Li & F each have a choice. 6. For Li, will it add 7 e-’s to the last orbit? * Notice that this would create a negative atom (anion) because the electrons would out number the protons by 7. or 3 P = 3 E 9 P = 9 E 7. Will Li drop the last orbit & e-. * Notice that this would create a positive atom (cation) because the protons would out number the electrons by 1. If you said lose e-’s, you were correct! P = 3 N = 4 Li - or P = 9 N = 10 F - or - - 8. For F, will it gain 1 e- to the last orbit? - - - - + + Li F or - 9. Will F drop the last orbit & 7 e-’s. P = 3 N = 4 - P = 9 N = 10 If you said gain 1 e-, you were correct! - - - - - - 3 P = 10 E 3 P = 2 E 9 P = 10 E 9 P = 2 E
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More facts about Ionic Bonds
P = 3 N = 4 Li - P = 9 N = 10 F - - Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove electrons. - - Atoms with a few valence electrons have low ionization energy. - - Li has low ionization energy. - - - - P = 9 N = 10 F - P = 3 N = 4 Li Atoms with a many valence electrons have high ionization energy. - - + A metal cation joining a nonmetal anion forms a salt. - - F has high ionization energy.
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More facts about Ionic Bonds
P = 3 N = 4 Li - Electron affinity is the ability to attract electrons. Atoms with a few valence electrons have low electron affinity. - Li has low electron affinity. P = 9 N = 10 F - Atoms with a many valence electrons have high electron affinity. - - F has high electron affinity.
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Ionic Bonds (electrons are transferred)
16 2 Nonmetals Form when a positive metal atom…….. The metal atom will shift from neutral to positive when it ….. * loses 1, 2 or 3 e-’s. * Because the protons outnumber the electrons, P = 8 N = 8 - N Oxygen P = 8 N = 8 - N Oxygen - * the atom to become a positive atom (cation). + - - - Be P = 4 N = 5 attracts to a negative nonmetal atom. The nonmetal atom will shift from neutral to negative when it ….. - - - 4 P > 2 E * gains 1, 2 or 3 e-’s. 8 P < 10 E *Because the electrons outnumber the protons, * the atom to become a negative atom (anion). Positive and Negative Attract
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Ionic Bond, A Sea of Electrons
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Covalent Bonds (electrons are shared)
16 2 Nonmetals This type of bond forms between nonmetal atoms. The goal is to have a full outer level!! P = 9 N = 10 - Fluorine P = 9 N = 10 - Fluorine Atoms joined by a covalent bond (nonmetel to nonmetal form a compound). P = 9 N = 10 - Fluorine P = 9 N = 10 - Fluorine - If it is two of the same element it is called diatomic.
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Covalent Bonds Slide taken from:
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Metallic Bonds Formed between atoms of metallic elements
Electron cloud around atoms Good conductors at all states, lustrous, very high melting points Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co Slide taken from:
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Metallic Bonds: Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around.
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