1. The Crusades

2. What are the Crusades?
A series of military campaigns by Christians from Europe vs. Muslims from the Middle East
Battling over control over the Holy Land and the sacred city of Jerusalem
The Muslims were in control
Started in 1095, when Pope Urban II urged that Christians from Europe should unite and capture the Holy Land from the Muslims
Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics unite

3. Basic Facts and Outcome
Lasted from 1095 C.E. – 1291 C.E. (about 200 years)
There were four major Crusades and many more smaller military conflicts
Although the Christians controlled the Holy Land for a brief time, they ultimately failed in their goal to permanently control these lands

4. 1st Crusade (1096-1099): French troops captured Jerusalem in 1099
1st Crusade ( ): French troops captured Jerusalem in Most troops went home after the capture
2nd Crusade ( ): Kings of France and Germany decide they need to send more troops so Jerusalem does not get recaptured by the Muslims

5. 3rd Crusade ( ): Saladin captures the city of Jerusalem in In response, Richard the Lionheart leads an expedition to retake Jerusalem. He wins major battles, but does not win back Jerusalem
4th Crusade ( ): Led by the Byzantine Empire to recapture Jerusalem, it failed

6. After the Crusades
These wars caused bitter feeling between Muslims and Christians for many centuries
Some of this can still be seen today
The military campaigns greatly expanded trade throughout the region
Mostly cities along the Mediterranean coast

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Moments in Time: The Crusades