1. Joining
Grammar Forces
Advanced C1 – C2

2. Emphasis – Emphatic Forms Practice - Testing

3. Emphatic forms = the devices used to stress certain terms in a sentence & achieve effects.

4. There are 3 main categories of Emphasis & many individual cases.
CASE I: All other terms, and the interrogative verb
CASE II: i) the Positive Verb, ii) the Negative Verb
CASE III: the Place Adverbs/ Adverbials (& certain
onomatopoeic verbs)

5. EMPHATIC CASE I Practice - Testing

6. a) How do we emphasise all the other terms in a sentence except the verb?
It is/ was/ will be + emphasised term + who (for person-subjects) OR that + remaining sentence

7. b) Can we also emphasise the interrogative verb with this form?
Yes.
e.g. Was it in the afternoon that … ?
When was it that … ?

8. c) What other forms are there that emphasise various syntactic terms?
Noun clauses with ‘what’ & ‘all’.

9. d.i) Name some special (emphatic) adjectives & (some of) their nouns.
very
sheer
sole
mere
bare
ultimate
utmost
utter
considerable
substantial

10. d. ii) Name some special (emphatic) adverbs & (some of) their adj
d.ii) Name some special (emphatic) adverbs & (some of) their adj.’s & verbs.
Emphatic Adverbs
most
absolutely
utterly
merely
solely

11. e) Are there any other techniques we can use to add emphasis?
Yes.
Repetition
Articles
Individual adverbs & adverb phrases

12. EMPHATIC CASE II Practice - Testing

13. i) How do we emphasise the Positive Verb?
do/ does/ did + positive verb + infinitive
Only possible in the Present Simple & Past Simple Tenses as well as in the Positive Imperative.

14. ii.a) How do we emphasise the Negative Verb?
negative word/ phrase + auxiliary verb + subject
i.e. inversion with negative words/ phrases in front position.

15. ii.b) Which are the negative words/ phrases that are ‘fronted’ to emphasise their verb?
not only…but (also)…
not (even) once…
never (before)…
on no account…
nowhere (else)…
in no way…
no sooner…than…
on no occasion…
neither…nor…
in/under no circumstances…

16. ii.c) Does this inversion rule apply in any other cases?
Yes.
1. Restrictive adverbs: only, rarely/ seldom, hardly/ scarcely … when, little
2. Result Clauses: so + adj./ adv. (in front pos.) + auxiliary verb + subject + clause OR such + auxiliary verb + subject + clause
3. Conditional Special Cases & Emphatic Forms: should/ were (to)/ had
4. Short Responses: so + auxiliary verb + subject OR Neither/ Nor + auxiliary verb + subject

17. EMPHATIC CASE III Practice - Testing

18. How do we emphasise the Place/ Motion references in a sentence?
motion prep/ adverbs & adverbials of place + main verb + subject + rest of the sentence
In this case, inversion is not always necessary.

19. What are the syntactic terms we normally find this emphatic case with?
1. Place adverbs: here & there (when the subject is a noun/ proper name)
2. Prepositions/ adverbs of motion: up, down, into, etc
3. Place adverbials: at the top/ bottom, in the middle, etc
4. Onomatopoeic verbs: splash, bang, pop, beep, boom, etc (mainly used with ‘go’)

20. The Passive Voice CANNOT be considered an emphatic form.
Right answer: It CAN because it emphasises the verb & shifts the focus of the sentence.

21. Name two isolated examples of emphatic adj.’s & adv.’s.
many & well

22. Name other forms that can be considered emphatic cases.
emphatic comparative & superlative
adverbs qualifying extreme adj.’s
the formal Concessive construction & as