1. CHALLENGING VOCAB WORDS
FROM THE ARTICLE
“The anatomy of another riot”

2. Anatomy
[uh-nat-uh-mee]

3. Anatomy
Meaning-(noun)- the science dealing with the structure of living beings.
Meaning in hindi- शरीर रचना विज्ञान
Synonyms- examine, genetics, histology, investigation, analysis, inquiry.
Antonyms-ignorance, neglect, easy going.
Example-In our anatomy class, we learned about the shapes and sizes of the organs in the human body.

4. News Line -Every riot today produces a set of staged narratives which are eerie to watch and strange to listen to.
Eerie
[eer-ee]

5. Eerie Meaning-(verb)- strange, weird, fear- inspiring.
Meaning in Hindi- भयानक
Synonyms- awesome, creepy, ghostly, superstitious, uncanny.
Antonyms-usual, regular, normal, common, familiar, ordinary.
Example- An eerie feeling came over us as we watched the scary movie.

6. News Line -It was probably the most ironic tribute to a great soldier.
[ahy-ron-ik]

7. Ironic
Meaning-(adjective)- a form of humor in which you use words to express the opposite of what the words really mean.
Meaning in Hindi- व्यंग्य
Synonyms-alert, clever, bitter, ridiculous, burlesque.
Antonyms- credible, believable, sensible, usual, wise, serious.
Example- The writer often used irony to make his readers laugh.

8. Solidarity [sol-i-dar-i-tee]
News Line -In an earlier era it would have been a show of solidarity of a national event commanding the allegiance of its desperate citizens.
Solidarity
[sol-i-dar-i-tee] 8

9. Solidarity
Meaning-(noun)-unity that occurs among people with a shared purpose.
Meaning in Hindi- एकजुटता
Synonyms- harmony, support, teamwork, union, uniformity, alliance, accord.
Antonyms-disagreement, discord, separation, antagonism.
Example- All of the marchers wore matching t-shirts to display solidarity for their cause. 9

10. Allegiance
[uh-lee-juh ns]

11. Allegiance Meaning-(noun)-loyalty to some cause, nation or ruler.
Meaning in Hindi- निष्ठा
Synonyms- obedience, faithfulness, homage, dedication.
Antonyms- dishonor, apathy, enmity, disloyalty, faithlessness, sedition.
Example- We took an oath of allegiance upon entering the military, and none of us plan on violating it.

12. Cavalcade [kav-uh l-keyd]
News Line -The motorcycle cavalcade moves to the Abdul Hameed avenue, the youths are armed with flags and swords.
Cavalcade
[kav-uh l-keyd] 16

13. Cavalcade
Meaning(noun)-a procession of things, usually related to movement.
Meaning in hindi- घुड़सवार-दल
Synonyms- array, procession, review, spectacle, march-past, drill, review.
Antonyms- common, regular, negligible.
Example-Citizens lined the streets to see the prince’s cavalcade on his wedding day.

14. News Line -One almost senses a whiff of machismo and nationalism weaving together.
[hwif] 12

15. Whiff Meaning- (noun)- a smell or aroma. Meaning in hindi- एहसास
Synonyms- odor, scent, fume, gust, inhalation.
Antonyms-stink, stench.
Example-Only one whiff in the kitchen let me know that my mother was preparing her famous meatloaf.

16. Machismo
[mah-cheez-moh]

17. Machismo Meaning-(noun)- exaggerated masculine pride.
Meaning in hindi- मर्दानगी
Synonyms- mannish, muscular, manliness, masculine, macho.
Antonyms-afraid, cowardly, weak, shy, timid.
Example-His machismo made him a strong and bold street fighter.

18. [dih-skresh-uh-ner-ee]
News Line -The Akhilesh Yadav government in a populist move used the Akhlaq episode to give out doles — ₹30 lakh in compensation to Akhlaq’s family, ₹5 lakh to each of the brothers, and a flat to the family from some discretionary fund.
Discretionary
[dih-skresh-uh-ner-ee] 16

19. Discretionary Meaning-(adj)- considered to be chosen or voluntary.
Meaning in hindi- विवेकाधीन
Synonyms- unrestricted, non obligatory, optional, leftover, elective.
Antonyms- strict, required, incomplete, limited.
Example-Only one discretionary expense on the businessman’s trip expenditures caught the eye of his boss which he refused to pay for. 17

20. News Line -A fracas ensues and in the resulting violence, a young Hindu man, Chandan Gupta, is shot.
[frey-kuh s] 20

21. Fracas Meaning-(noun)-a noisy disagreement or commotion.
Meaning in hindi- कोलाहल
Synonyms-bickering, hassle, scuffle, quarrel, riot, uproar.
Antonyms- agreement, harmony, happiness, calm, peace.
Example-As soon as the cat saw the dog, a fracas ensued between the two animals. 21