1. Lower limb

2. Muscles of lower limb muscles of iliac region muscles of thigh
anterior femoral muscles
midial femoral muscles
posterior femoral muscles
muscles of gluteal region
muscles of leg
muscles of foot

3. # iliaccus # psoas major # psoas minor
Muscles of iliac region
M. of iliac region
# iliaccus # psoas major # psoas minor
Post.View

4. iliopsoas Origin Insertion Action
M. of iliac region
Origin
inner surface of upper iliac fossa
transverse processes of L1-L5
vertebral bodies of T12-L4
Insertion
lesser trochanter of the femur
Action
hip flexion
lateral rotation
Nerve : medial femoral circumflex artery
Blood : femoral nerve, L3,4 / ventral rami, L1,2,3

5. Muscles of thigh anterior femoral muscles # rectus femoris
# vastus lateralis
# vastus intermidius
# vastus midialis
# sartorius
Ant.View

6. rectus femoris Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
anterior head: anterior inferior iliac spine
posterior head: ilium just above the acetabulum
Insertion
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action
extends knee
flexes hip
Nerve : lateral femoral circumflex artery
Blood : branches of femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

7. vastus lateralis Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
greater trochanter
lateral lip of linea aspera
lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action
extends knee
can abnormally displace patella
Nerve : lateral femoral circumflex artery
Blood : branches of femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

8. vastus intermidius Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
Ant. lateral aspect of the femoral shaft
Insertion
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action
extends knee
Nerve
lateral femoral circumflex artery
Blood
branches of femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

9. vastus midialisv Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
intertrochanteric line of femur
medial aspect of linea aspera
Insertion
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action
extends knee
Nerve
descending genicular artery
femoris artery
Blood
femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

10. sartorius Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion
upper medial surface of body of tibia
Action
flexes hip and knee
laterally rotates thigh if flexed at the hip
Nerve
femoral artery
descending genicular artery
Blood
femoral nerve, L2,3

11. Muscles of thigh medial femoral muscles # pectineus # adductor longus
# adductor brevis
# adductor magnus
# gracilis
Ant.View(deep)

12. pectineus Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
pectineal line of the pubis
superior pubic ramus
Insertion
the pectineal line of the femur
Action
flexes hip
adducts thigh
medially rotates thigh
Nerve : medial femoral circumflex artery
Blood : femoral nerve L3,4
obturator nerve L2,3,4

13. adductor brevis Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
body & inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion
superior portion of linea aspera
Action
adducts thigh
aids in flexion of thigh
may laterally rotate thigh at the hip
Nerve
femoral artery
Blood
obturator nerve L2,3,4

14. gracilis Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
body of pubis & inferior pubic ramus
Insertion
medial surface of proximal tibia,
inferior to tibial condyle
Action
adducts thigh
flexes knee
medially rotates tibia
Nerve
obturator artery
Blood
obturator nerve L2,3,4

15. adductor longus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
anterior surface of pubis
Insertion
medial lip of linea aspera on middle half of femur
Action
adducts thigh
flexes thigh
may laterally rotate thigh at the hip
Nerve
femoral artery
Blood
obturator nerve L2,3,4

16. adductor magnus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
inferior pubic ramus
ischial tuberosity
Insertion
proximal 1/3 of linea aspera
adductor tubercle
Action
adducts the thigh
extend and laterally rotate thigh
Nerve
femoral artery
Blood
obturator nerve L2,3,4 / tibial nerve

18. Muscles of thigh posterior femoral m. # biceps femoris
# semitendinosus
# semimembranosus
Post.View

19. biceps femoris Origin Insertion Action Blood : gluteal artery
muscles of thigh
Origin
ischial tuberosity
lateral lip of linea aspera &
the lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion
head of fibula
maybe to the lateral tibial condyle
Action
flexor at the knee(mainly short head)
laterally rot. thigh if flexed at the knee
extends hip(long head)
Blood : gluteal artery
Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2 / common peroneal nerve, L5,S1

20. semitendinosus Origin Insertion Action Blood Nerve ischial tuberosity
muscles of thigh
Origin
ischial tuberosity
Insertion
medial aspect of tibial shaft
Action
extends hip
flexes knee
medially rotates tibia
Blood
gluteal artery
branches of profunda femoris
Nerve
tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2

21. Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Action Blood
muscles of thigh
Origin
ischial tuberosity
Insertion
posterior medial aspect of medial tibial condyle
Action
flexes knee
extends hip
medially rotates tibia
pulls medial meniscus posterior during flexion
Blood
gluteal artery
branches of profunda femoris
Nerve : tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2

22. Muscles of thigh muscles of gluteal region # gluteus maximus
# gluteus medius
# gluteus minimus
# tensor fascia lata
Lateral View

23. gluteus maximus Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
outer rim of ilium (medial aspect)
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion
IT band (primary insertion)
gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action
powerful extensor of hip
laterally rotates thigh
upper fibers aid in abduction of thigh
IT band stabilize a fully extended knee
Nerve : inferior/superior gluteal artery
Blood : inferior gluteal nerve, L5,S1,2v

24. gluteus medius Origin Insertion Action Nerve : superior gluteal artery
muscles of thigh
Origin
outer aspect of ilium
upper fascia
Insertion
superior aspect of greater trochanter
Action
anterior & lateral fibers abduct
medially rotate the thigh
posterior fibers may laterally rotate thigh
stabilizes the pelvis
prevents free limb from sagging during gait
Nerve : superior gluteal artery
Blood : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1

25. gluteus minimus Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
outer aspect of ilium
Insertion
greater trochanter
articular capsule of hip joint
Action
abduct and medially rotate the thigh
stabilizes the pelvis
prevents free limb from sagging during gait
Nerve : superior gluteal artery
Blood : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1

26. tensor fascia lata Origin Insertion Action
muscles of thigh
Origin
anterior aspect of iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion
anterior aspect of IT band,
below greater trochanter
Action
hip flexion
medially rotate & abduct a flexed thigh
support femur on the tibia during standing
Nerve : superior gluteal artery/femoral artery
Blood : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1

27. muscles of thigh
short external
rotators

28. nerves of anterior thigh

29. arteries

30. Muscles of leg anterior crural muscles # tibialis anterior
# extensor digitorum longus
# peroneus tertius
# extensor hallucis longus

31. tibialis anterior Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
lateral tibial condyle
proximal 2/3 of anteriolateral surface of tibia
Insertion
medial & plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal
medial & plantar surface of the cuneiform
Action
strongest dorsiflexor
inverts & adducts the foot
Nerve : anterior tibial artery
Blood : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

32. extensor digitorum longus
muscles of leg
Origin
lateral condyle of the tibia
upper anterior surface of fibula
Insertion
dorsal surface of the bases of the middle
& distal phalanxes of the 2nd-5th rays
Action
extends the lateral 4 toes
weak dorsiflexor & everts foot
Nerve : anterior tibial artery
Blood : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

33. extensor hallucis longus
muscles of leg
Origin
medial aspect of the fibula
interosseous membrane
Insertion
dorsal surface of base of proximal
and distal phalanx of hallux
Action
extends distal phalanx of big toe
weak dorsiflexor
weak inversion & adduction
Nerve : anterior tibial artery
Blood : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

34. peroneus tertius Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
distal 1/3 of anterior fibula
distal & lateral aspect
of extensor digitorum
Insertion
dorsal surface of base
of 5th metatarsal
Action
extends the 5th toe
weak dorsiflexor & everts foot
Nerve : anterior tibial artery
Blood : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

35. Muscles of leg posterior crural muscles posterior crural muscles
[superficial group]
# gastrocnemius
# soleus
# plantaris
posterior crural muscles
[deep group]
# flexor digitorum longus
# flexor hallucis longus
# posterior tibialis
# popliteus

36. gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
just above medial/lateral condyle of femur
Insertion
calcaneus via lateral portion of calcaneal tendon
Action
plantarflex the ankle
knee flexion (when not weight bearing)
stabilizes ankle & knee when standing
Nerve : popliteal / peroneal / posterior tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, S1,2

37. soleus Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
upper fibula
soleal line of tibia
Insertion
calcaneus via medial portion of calcaneal tendon
Action
plantarflex the ankle
knee flexion (when not weight bearing)
stabilizes ankle & knee when standing
Nerve : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, S1,2

38. plantaris Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
above the lateral head
of gastrocnemius on femur
Insertion
calcaneus, medial to calcaneal tendon
Action
like a weak gastrocnemius
Nerve : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, S1,2

39. posterior compartment (superficial)

40. flexor digitorum longus
muscles of leg
Origin
posterior surface of tibia
Insertion
plantar surface of bases
of the 2-5th distal phalanges
Action
primarily flexes 2nd - 5th toes
weak plantarflexor
weak inversion & adduction of foot
Nerve : peroneal / tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, L5,S1

41. flexor hallucis longus
muscles of leg
Origin
posterior, inferior 2/3 of fibula
Insertion
plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux
Action
flexes big toe (hallux)
weak plantarflexion of the foot
weak inversion & adduction of foot
Nerve : peroneal / tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2

42. posterior tibialis Origin Insertion Action
muscles of leg
Origin
posterior, proximal tibia
medial surface of fibula
Insertion
navicular tuberosity (principle)
all 3 cuneiforms (plantar surface)
cuboid / bases of 2-4 metatarsals
Action
stabilizes ankle
inversion & adduction of foot
prevents hyperpronation while in gait
weak plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve : peroneal / tibial artery
Blood : tibial nerve, L5,S1

43. popliteus Origin Insertion Action Nerve : peroneal artery
muscles of leg
Origin
lateral femoral condyle
arcuate popliteal ligament
lateral meniscus
knee joint capsule
Insertion
posterior tibial surface
Action
insertion fixed: laterally rotates femur on tibia
origin fixed: medially rotates tibia on femur
Nerve : peroneal artery
Blood : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2

44. Muscles of leg laterior crural muscles # peroneus longus
# peroneus brevis

45. peroneus longus Origin Insertion Action Nerve : peroneal artery
muscles of leg
Origin
head of the fibula
proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
Insertion
plantar surface of cuboid
base of 1st & (2nd) metatarsal
plantar surface of medial cuneiform
Action
eversion & abduction of the foot
weak plantarflexion of the foot
Nerve : peroneal artery
Blood : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

46. peroneus brevis Origin Insertion Action Nerve : peroneal artery
muscles of leg
Origin
distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
Insertion
tuberosity on lateral aspect
of base of 5th metatarsal
Action
eversion & abduction of the foot
weak plantarflexion of the foot
Nerve : peroneal artery
Blood : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

47. nerves

48. arteries

49. medial ankle

50. Muscles of foot dorsal muscles # extensor digitorum brevis
# extensor hallucis brevis

51. extensor hallucis brevis
muscles of foot
Origin
upper anterolateral
calcaneus
Insertion
base of proximal phalanx
of hallux
Action
extends hallux
Nerve : dorsalis pedis artery
Blood : peroneal nerve, L4,5

52. extensor digitorum brevis
muscles of foot
Origin
upper anterolateral
calcaneus
Insertion
middle & distal phalanges
of 2nd-4th rays
Action
extends 2nd-4th rays
Nerve : dorsalis pedis artery
Blood : peroneal nerve, L4,5

53. Muscles of foot medial plantar muscles # abductor hallucis
# flexor hallucis brevis
# adductor hallucis

54. abductor hallucis Origin Insertion Action
muscles of foot
Origin
medial process
of calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion
medial aspect of base
of proximal phalanx
Action
flexes the big toe
assist in abduction
Nerve : medial plantar artery
Blood : medial plantar nerve, L5,S1

55. flexor hallucis brevis
muscles of foot
Origin
medial aspect of the cuboid
lateral cuneiform
Insertion
medial/lateral aspect of base
of proximal phalanx of hallux
Action
flexes hallux at MTP
Nerve : medial plantar artery
Blood : medial plantar nerve, L5,S1

56. adductor hallucis Origin Insertion Action Nerve : plantar artery
muscles of foot
Origin
base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Insertion
lateral aspect of base of
proximal phalanx of hallux
Action
adduction of hallux at MTP
flexes hallux at MTP
Nerve : plantar artery
Blood : lateral plantar nerve, S1,2

57. Muscles of foot lateral plantar muscles # abductor digiti minimi
# flexor digiti minimi brevis

58. abductor digiti minimi
muscles of foot
Origin
lateral & medial processes
of the calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion
lateral aspect of base of
proximal phalanx of 5th ray
Action
abducts 5th toe
aids in flexing
Nerve : lateral plantar artery
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

59. flexor digiti minimi brevis
muscles of foot
Origin
lateral & medial processes
of the calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion
lateral aspect of base of
proximal phalanx of 5th ray
Action
abducts 5th toe
aids in flexing
Nerve : lateral plantar artery
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

60. Muscles of foot central plantar muscles # flexor digitorum brevis
# quadratus plantae
# lumbricales
# interosssei plantares
# interosssei dorsales

61. flexor digitorum brevis
muscles of foot
Origin
medial process of
calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion
both sides of the bases of
the mid. phalanx of rays 2-5
Action
flexes toes 2-5
Nerve : medial plantar artery
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

62. quadratus plantae Origin Insertion Action
muscles of foot
Origin
medial/lateral calcaneus
Insertion
lateral margin of tendon of
flexor digitorum longus(fdl)
Action
assists FDL in flexing
Nerve : lateral plantar artery
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

63. lumbricales Origin Insertion Action Nerve : plantar artery
muscles of foot
Origin
tendons of FDL
Insertion
extensor tendons of EDL
on dorsal foot
Action
flex proximal phalanges
at MTP
extend middle & distal
phalanges at IP
Nerve : plantar artery
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

64. interosssei plantares
muscles of foot
Origin
medial aspect of 3-5 metatarsals
Insertion
medial aspect of base of
proximal phalanx of the same ray
Action
adduct toes 3-5
flex toes 3-5 at MTP
Nerve : lateral plantar arch
Blood : plantar nerve, L5,S1

65. interosssei dorsales Origin Insertion Action
muscles of foot
Origin
from both metatarsals between which they lie
Insertion
base of proximal phalanx
Action
abduct toes 2-4
flexes toes 2-4 at MTP
Nerve : lateral plantar arch
Blood : lateral plantar nerve S1,2