1. RMgX and Rli Bond Type

2. Metal-Carbon Bond

3. Hydride Reagents

4. Bimolecular Elimination (E2) Steps

5. Nucleophilic Addition

6. Nucleophile Elimination Steps

7. Importance of Nucleophilic Addition and Nucleophile Elimination
They can cause the number of bonds between two atoms of significantly different polarity to change, thus leading to reduction and oxidation reactions. Chapter 17
They allow two relatively large organic species to be joined to make one even larger organic species. Chapters 18 & 21
When nucleophilic addition and nucleophile elimination steps occur sequentially, substitution can take place at a polar π bond. Chapter 20 and 21

8. Hyperconjugation secondary can do 2x, tertiary can do 3x
The increased stability of a carbocation as methyl or other groups are added to the C+ is due to hyperconjugation. Conjugation: p orbitals overlap. Hyperconjugation: sigma MO overlaps with p orbital. Coplanar but not parallel, so overlap not as good, stabilization not as much as normal conjugation.
secondary can do 2x, tertiary can do 3x

9. Keto–Enol Tautomerization

10. Relative Percentages of Keto and Enol Forms

11. Keto–Enol Tautomerization continued…