1. Open Archives Initiative
How it Works &
Who Uses It
David Palmer
HKU

2. Definition
OAI is an initiative to develop and promote interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content
OAI for Beginners
“Archive” not in the “Archival” sense.
“Repositories”

3. Background 1999, Santa Fe Convention, Paul Ginsparg
Herbert van de Sompel

4. More Funded by, Began as a solution for eprints Based on XML & HTTP
The Digital Library Federation (DLF)
Coalition for Networked Information (CNI)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Began as a solution for eprints
Quickly used for others also
Based on XML & HTTP
Allows rapid deployment

5. Types of Searching Cross Over or Harvest ? Cross Over
Distributed Searching
Federated Searching
Examples:
Z39.50 broadcast searching
MetaFind
Digital library experience suggested that cross searching does not scale well, at least partly because the search service degrades to the level of the slowest and least reliable server in the cross search set. For example, NCSTRL found that distributed searching of a small number of nodes was viable, but that performance was very bad over 100 nodes. In the UK, the Resource Discovery Network (RDN) was finding that even with only five subject gateways in its cross search there were problems of poor performance and in the provision of a browse interface, and developers were looking for a feasible centralised database solution. The more servers are cross-searched, the higher are the chances of encountering one or more slow or unreliable servers.

6. Cross Over Model
Database
Database
Database
End User

7. Harvest Harvest local databases to build Union Database Examples:
WorldCat
OhioLink
Melvyll
HKALL

8. Union Databases
Database
Database
Database
Union Database
End User

9. The OAI World Data Providers Service Providers
Expose their data, allowing harvest
Service Providers
Harvest from Data Providers
Build Repository of
Metadata only (not object)
Build a Search Engine
Allow search

10. OAI compliant

17. Some Basics Data Providers Service Providers
Put data into Dublin Core or other Metadata
OAI Interface
Allows harvesting in OAI-PMH v. 2.0
On-the-fly, not stored
Rights Management?
Programmer, 2 days?
Service Providers
SP is only harvesting.
Search engine is different
Computer Officer, 2 weeks?

18. Tools Freely available Data Providers Service Providers
Data Providers
VTOAI OAI-PMH Perl2 Implementation
Others
Service Providers
Harvesting
UIUC Metadata Harvester
Search Engines
UM’s XPAT
Oracle
Greenstone
VTOAI OAI-PMH2 PERL Implementation

19. Dublin Core Content Intellectual Property Instance Title Subject
Description
Language
Relation
Coverage
Creator
Publisher
Contributor
Rights
Source
Date
Type
Format
Identifier

20. The Bigger Picture New pattern for scholarly communication
Institutional Repositories
DSpace, etc.
Google DSpace Universities, Apr 04
Yahoo’s Content Acquisition Program, Mar 04
OAIster
NPR LC
UCLA’s Cuneiform DL
others

21. Communities of Interest
OAIster
3.5M records
351 repositories (7 Oct 04)
Scope: all possible repositories
User-group-specific Service Providers becoming the norm
AmericanSouth.org project
Open Language Archives Community
Sheet Music Consortium
National Science Digital Library
OLAC – “a worldwide virtual library of language resources”

22. 5 Western states (WY, CO, UT, KS, NE), Libraries & Museums
5 Western states (WY, CO, UT, KS, NE), Libraries & Museums. Use OAI among other protocols.

23. 29 major archives, hosted at U of Penn, developed own Metadata standard.

24. 4 consortium members, hosted at UCLA.

25. San Diego Supercomputer Center

27. PRDLA sites in OAI ? Academia Sinica Australian National University
Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese
Australian National University
Australian National University EPrints2 Archive
DSpace at The Australian National University
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Scholarly Information Repository
Hong Kong Baptist University
HKBU Theses & Dissertations
National University of Singapore
NUS Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
Peking University
The Peking University Ancient Book Digital Library
San Diego Supercomputer Center
National Science Digital Library
University of California, Berkeley
Survey for California and Other Indian Languages
The University of Hong Kong
HKU Theses Online (HKUTO)
University of Oregon
DSpace at the University of Oregon
University of Washington
DSpace at The University of Washington
Structural Informatics Group, University of Washington (UW-SIG) Eprint Archive

28. Multipurposing One database can be harvested many times. Thesis
Language materials
Education
Regional Interests ..  PRDLA
OAIster
Yahoo
Google
Etc.

29. 谢谢 !
Thank you !