1. Mobile Computing

2. References 1- Mobile Computing: Technology, Applications and Service Creation 1- Mobile Computing: Technology, Applications and Service Creation By: Talukder and Yavagal By: Talukder and Yavagal 2- Mobile Computing Principles 2- Mobile Computing Principles By: Reza BFar By: Reza BFar 3- Mobile-IP Design principles and Practices 3- Mobile-IP Design principles and Practices By: PerkinsT. By: PerkinsT. 4- Mobile Computing 4- Mobile Computing By: Imielinski and H. Korth By: Imielinski and H. Korth

3. Topics 1- What is Mobile Computing? 2- Mobile computing Devices 3- Mobile Computing Architechture 4- Emerging Technologies 5- Communication Networks

4. Lecture (1) Mobile Computing: How and Where to?

5. What is Mobile Computing

9. Definitions – Mobile Computing What is mobile computing? What is mobile computing? –Computing that is not obstructed while the location of it changes Mobile computing = + ? Mobile computing draws from Mobile computing draws from –Wireless communications and networking Ability to communicate via wireless links Ability to communicate via wireless links –Ubiquitous and pervasive computing Ability to provide computing anywhere and anytime (ubiquitous), usually in a seamless manner, potentially not perceived (pervasive) Ability to provide computing anywhere and anytime (ubiquitous), usually in a seamless manner, potentially not perceived (pervasive)

10. So What is Mobile Computing? Computing on the go!! How do we achieve it? GO WIRELESS

11. Wireless Communications First thing that comes in mind that has anything to do with wireless is … RADIO! Radios are Listeners not Speakers ! Radios are Listeners not Speakers ! Radio signals received in Limited Area Radio signals received in Limited Area Radios use various frequencies Radios use various frequencies Radio Communication is Analog Radio Communication is Analog So HOW TO send So HOW TO send Digital data on {Analog / Digital} Signal?

12. Wireless Communications We need devices that We need devices that –Can Transmit (Tx) & Receive (Rx) –Can Interpret Analog signal –Can convert Analog signal to Digital data –Can send and receive signal in some Area –Can connect to other devices in this Area –Can stay connected while moving –Would have enough bandwidth for Tx YES… We have them!

13. Wireless Communications Devices operate on various Frequencies Devices operate on various Frequencies Two devices can Talk on same Frequency Two devices can Talk on same Frequency Many devices need many frequencies Many devices need many frequencies Band of frequencies LFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF Freq (Hz) 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11

14. Ubiquitous, Mobile, Nomadic Terminology not always consistent Terminology not always consistent –Nomadic computing: portable; no mobility while connected –Mobile computing: on-the-go, e.g., while sitting on a train; possibility of network connections remaining open –Pervasive or Ubiquitous computing: computing everywhere… OR computing everywhere… OR computers everywhere…most of them invisible computers everywhere…most of them invisible

15. How to achieve ubiquity? Make computing available beyond desktop Make computing available beyond desktop Make it mobile and connected Make it mobile and connected Instrument the person Instrument the person Instrument the physical surroundings Instrument the physical surroundings

16. Related areas Pervasive computing Pervasive computing Wearable computing Wearable computing Intelligent environments Intelligent environments Augmented reality Augmented reality All will be referred to by umbrella term of Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp) All will be referred to by umbrella term of Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)

17. Computers Everywhere Marc Weiser Marc Weiser Vision of ubiquitous computing: hundreds of computers per person, various sizes and capabilities Vision of ubiquitous computing: hundreds of computers per person, various sizes and capabilities Tabs Tabs –very small--smart badge w/ user info, etc. –allow personalized settings to follow a user –leave bios behind at meetings –attached to virtually everything--e.g., books, car keys, etc.

18. Reality Some of Weisers H/W predictions Some of Weisers H/W predictions –Large displays, a fraction of a centimeter thick, powered continuously for days on a small battery (no, no, no!) –1GHz processors (yes, yes, yes) –16MB of memory on a single unit (easy, memory is far cheaper than we could have imagined in 1991) –Several GB of storage easily available (yes: weve done better than this) So, were behind in displays, batteries So, were behind in displays, batteries

19. Mobile Computing: Is it Right for You? Advantages Convenience Convenience Boost productivity Boost productivity Communicate with others anywhere Communicate with others anywhere Access to electronic information Access to electronic informationLimitations Expensive Expensive Battery life Battery life Small screen display Small screen display Slow Internet speed Slow Internet speed

20. Mobile Computing Devices Pagers Pagers Cellular phones Cellular phones MP3 players MP3 players Personal digital assistants Personal digital assistants Tablet PCs Tablet PCs Laptop computers Laptop computers

21. Comparing Mobile Devices Mobile Devices: Price, Size, Weight, and Capabilities Device Relative PriceApproximate Size Approximate Weight Standard Capabilities Paging Device $ (includes cost for the pager and a monthly plan) 2" × 2" × 0.5"0.2 lbs.Provides numeric and/or text messaging in one or two directions Cell Phone $$ (includes cost for the phone, a monthly plan, and Internet access) 5" × 2" × 0.5". 0.25 lbsProvides voice and e-mail connectivity MP3 Player $$–$$$3" × 2" × 1"0.25 lbs.Provides storage of digital music files and other data PDA $$–$$$5" × 3" × 1"0.5 lbs.Provides PIM capabilities, access to application software, and access to the Internet Tablet PC $$$$$10" × 8" × 1"3 lbs.Provides PIM capabilities, access to application software, access to the Internet, and special handwriting and speech-recognition capabilities Laptop $$$$–$$$$$10" × 13" × 2"5 to 8 lbs.Provides all the capabilities of a desktop computer while also being portable

22. Paging Devices Small wireless devices that receive numeric messages (phone numbers) Small wireless devices that receive numeric messages (phone numbers) Recent technological advancements enable: Recent technological advancements enable: –Voice paging: Receiving voice messages Receiving voice messages –Alphanumeric paging: Receiving numeric and text messages Receiving numeric and text messages –Two-way paging: Receiving and sending text messages Receiving and sending text messages

23. Cellular Phones Full-featured communication and information storage devices Full-featured communication and information storage devices Features include: Features include: –Auto-redial –Call timers –Voice-mail –Voice-activated dialing –Internet access –Text messaging –Personal information management

24. Cell Phone Hardware Microprocessor (CPU): Microprocessor (CPU): –Coordinates data between components –Runs the operating system Memory: Memory: –ROM stores the operating system –Internal memory chips store: Contact data Contact data Ring tones Ring tones Images Images Small application programs Small application programs Microprocessor Memory

25. Cell Phone Hardware Input devices: Input devices: –Microphone –Keypad –Graffiti pad –Touch-screen –Digital camera Output devices: Output devices: –Speaker –LCD display Microphone Keypad LCD display Speaker

26. Cell Phone Features Text messaging: Text messaging: –Short Message Service (SMS): Send messages up to 160 characters Send messages up to 160 characters –Multimedia Message Service (MMS): Send text, sound, images, and video clips Send text, sound, images, and video clips Internet connectivity: Internet connectivity: –Wireless Internet service provider –Maximum speed of 14.4 Kbps –Micro-browser software

27. MP3 Players MP3: MP3: –Format for storing music MP3 player: MP3 player: –A small device that stores and plays music Storage space determines the number of songs stored: Storage space determines the number of songs stored: –Memory chips 64 MB to 256 MB –Hard drive up to 40 GB –Sampling rate also affects number of songs stored number of songs stored

28. MP3 Flash Memory Used to add additional memory to MP3 players Used to add additional memory to MP3 players Types of flash memory: Types of flash memory: –Compact Flash: 64 MB to 1 GB 64 MB to 1 GB –Multimedia (MMC) and SmartMedia: 128 MB 128 MB –Secure Digital: 512 MB 512 MB –Sony Memory Stick: 128 MB 128 MB

29. Podcasting Distributing non-music MP3 files over the Internet Distributing non-music MP3 files over the Internet Podcasts can be information, books on tape audio plays, etc Podcasts can be information, books on tape audio plays, etc People can listen when they wish People can listen when they wish

30. Small devices that store digital information Small devices that store digital information Known as palm computers or handhelds Known as palm computers or handhelds PDA hardware includes: PDA hardware includes: –CPU –Operating system –Storage capabilities –Input/output devices –Ports Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

31. PDA Input and Output Devices Input devices Touch-screen with stylus Touch-screen with stylus Keyboards: Keyboards: –On-screen –Integrated –Folding Digital cameras Digital cameras Output devices LCD displays: LCD displays: –Grayscale –Color

32. PDA Processors Popular processors: Popular processors: –Motorola DragonBall –Texas Instruments OMAP –Intel XScale Comparing processors: Comparing processors: –Speed –Performance: Benchmarking Benchmarking –Power consumption

33. PDA Operating Systems Palm OS Uses less memory than Pocket PC Uses less memory than Pocket PC Easy to use graphical interface Easy to use graphical interface Features include: Features include: –Calendar –To-do list –Contact information –Viewing Videos –Playing MP3 files Extra application software is available Extra application software is available Pocket PC Scaled-down version of Windows Scaled-down version of Windows More expensive than Palm OS More expensive than Palm OS Features include: Features include: –PDA version of Microsoft Word and Excel –Viewing videos –Playing MP3 files Extra application software is available Extra application software is available

34. PDA Memory and Storage ROM stores the operating system and the basic programs ROM stores the operating system and the basic programs RAM stores additional applications and data RAM stores additional applications and data Flash memory is used for additional storage Flash memory is used for additional storage

35. PDA File Transfer and Synchronization PDA files can be transferred to a desktop using: PDA files can be transferred to a desktop using: –Flash card readers –Cradles Synchronizing updates files on both the PDA and desktop Synchronizing updates files on both the PDA and desktop Wireless transfers: Wireless transfers: –IrDA –Bluetooth

36. PDA Internet Connectivity An Internet connection requires a wireless ISP An Internet connection requires a wireless ISP Web pages are accessed using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Web pages are accessed using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Web clipping enables information from Web pages to be formatted for PDAs Web clipping enables information from Web pages to be formatted for PDAs

37. PDA Software and Accessories Standard software: Standard software: –To-do list –Contacts manager –Calendar Additional software: Additional software: –Microsoft Word and Excel –Games –Tools –References Blueboard: Blueboard: –PDA display acts as a drawing board –Connects to four other PDAs

38. Converged Technologies Cell phones with PDA capability Cell phones with PDA capability PDAs with cell phone capability PDAs with cell phone capability Handspring Treo Handspring Treo Sony Erricson P800 Sony Erricson P800

39. Tablet PCs Portable computers with handwriting recognition and speech recognition Portable computers with handwriting recognition and speech recognition Two monitor modes: Two monitor modes: –Laptop –Tablet

40. Tablet PC Hardware Tablet PC hardware includes: Tablet PC hardware includes: –CPU –Storage capabilities –Input/output devices –Ports Digital ink technology: Digital ink technology: –Pressure sensitive screen –Digital pen

41. Tablet Software Windows XP Tablet PC is the operating system Windows XP Tablet PC is the operating system Applications programs compatible with Windows XP are available Applications programs compatible with Windows XP are available

42. Laptops Also known as notebooks Also known as notebooks Computing power of a desktop Computing power of a desktop Weigh 6 pounds Weigh 6 pounds

43. Laptop Hardware DVD/CD-RW drives DVD/CD-RW drives Hard drives Hard drives RAM RAM Hot-swappable bays: Hot-swappable bays: –Remove a drive and replace it with another type Keyboard Keyboard Built-in mouse Built-in mouse LCD displays LCD displays

44. Laptop Operating Systems Same operating systems as those found on desktops Same operating systems as those found on desktops Power management: Power management: –Shuts down the hard drive –Turns off the monitor –Puts the computer into standby mode

45. Laptop Ports A full set of ports: A full set of ports: –Parallel –Monitor –USB –Modem –Ethernet –Audio jacks –FireWire –PCI type I/II card slots

46. Lecture 1: Summary Questions What are the advantages and limitations of mobile computing? What are the advantages and limitations of mobile computing?

47. Lecture 1: Summary Questions What are the various mobile computing devices? What are the various mobile computing devices?

48. Lecture 1: Summary Questions What can pagers do? What can pagers do?

49. Lecture 1: Summary Questions How do cell phone components resemble a traditional computer and how do cell phones work? How do cell phone components resemble a traditional computer and how do cell phones work?

50. Lecture 1: Summary Questions What can I carry in an MP3 player and how does it store data? What can I carry in an MP3 player and how does it store data?

51. Lecture 1: Summary Questions For what can I use a PDA and what internal components and features does it have? For what can I use a PDA and what internal components and features does it have?

52. Lecture 1: Summary Questions How can I synchronize my mobile devices with my desktop computer? How can I synchronize my mobile devices with my desktop computer?

53. Lecture 1: Summary Questions What is a tablet PC? What is a tablet PC?

54. Lecture 1: Summary Questions How powerful are laptops and how do they compare to desktop computers? How powerful are laptops and how do they compare to desktop computers?