1. Chemiosmosis – making ATP
- H+ diffuse thru ATP synthase
- ATP synthase spins
- P is added to ADP forming ATP

2. Carbon Fixation
= the process of bonding the carbon atoms from CO2 into organic compounds
Most common – Calvin cycle
C3 plants (use 3-carbon compound – PGA) use only Calvin cycle

3. Alternate Pathways For plants evolved in hot, dry climates
C4 pathway – fix low levels of CO2 into four-carbon compounds first
Then sends it to Calvin cycle
During hottest part of day, C4 plants have stomata partially closed, but have enzymes to fix CO2
Ex. Corn, sugar cane

4. CAM pathway – open stomata at night and closed stomata during day
At night, take in CO2 and fix it into existing organic compounds to be stored temporarily
During day, release CO2 from compounds to enter Calvin cycle
Ex. Pineapple trees, cacti

6. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
1) Temperature
2) Amount of light / light intensity
3) Amount of water
4) CO2 concentration
5) Wavelength / color of the spectrum