1. Education for Justice (E4J)
Integrity and Ethics
Module 5: Ethics, Diversity and Pluralism

2. Diversity The existence of difference among social groups
Can lead to negative outcomes – intolerance and prejudice
Can lead to positive outcomes such as inclusion

3. Tolerance
The capacity to endure opinions or beliefs with which one disagrees
A political principle (or virtue) in which we are obligated to respect differences
A liberal idea

4. Tolerance John Locke (1632 - 1704)
English political philosopher
Medical doctor/natural philosopher
Fled England twice (1677, 1683) for political reasons
Part of British colonial administration in the New World

5. Tolerance John Locke (1632-1704)
Second Treatise on Government (1680s)
Constructs a liberal political theory through the social contract idea
Letter(s) on Toleration (1670s)
Tolerate others different than embracing others
Context of religious and political conflict
Toleration did not apply for Catholics and atheists!

6. Pluralism Pluralism is more than toleration
Pluralism is the acceptance and celebration of differences
Pluralism is a moral and political position
Pluralism as a political concept
Pragmatist philosophy – John Dewey
American political science – interest groups and democracy
European Legal theory – constitutional and legal

7. Cyrus the Great (600-530 BCE) Persian King
Encouraged different religious groups to flourish
Rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem
Cyrus Cylinder: Edict after destroying Babylonian Empire to allow different groups to flourish

8. Intersectionality
The idea that overlapping forms of difference may define a person
Combining gender, race, sexual orientation, religious belief, and other characteristics into a single person
Introduced by Kimberle Crenshaw, a legal scholar, to explain how discrimination cannot be reduced to one identity, but often results from many

9. Bayard Rustin (1912-1987) US Civil rights activist
Communist party member
Gay man
Fought to end discrimination across all these areas
Challenged by civil rights activists because he brought these identities together