1. Power Assisted Bicycles
E-Bikes/E-Scooters

2. Power Assisted Bicycles
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this presentation, you will:
Understand the differences of Electronic Bicycles (E-Bikes)
and Personal Mobility Devices
Understand the Laws Governed to them
Understand the City of Cornwall Traffic and Parking By-laws
Understand the ways to enforce the rules to these different
devices

3. Background
In 2009, the Ontario provincial government passed legislation permitting the use of electric bicycles
On roadways
Highways
Must follow Rules of bicycles
Personal mobility devices (motorized wheelchairs) may also be considered electric powered vehicles
More notes

4. Electric Bicycles (E-Bike)
Electric Bicycle (E-Bike)
bicycle with an integrated electric motor
use a rechargeable battery
travel up to 32 km/h
required to have operable pedals
they must be able to pedal the E-Bike.
several different types of e-bikes

5. Electric Bicycles (E-Bike)
The following pictures show two very different styles of E-Bikes

6. Highway Traffic Act/ E-Bike
Power Assisted Bicycle Offences
Offence
HTA Section – E-Bikes
Set Fine 
Court Fee 
Victim Fine 
Total 
Permit person under 16 on power -assisted bicycle
38(2) 
$N.S.F 
$N.S.F
Improper brakes on power – assisted bicycle 
64(2) 
$85.00 
$5.00 
$20.00 
$110.00 
Fail to wear proper helmet on power – assisted bicycle 
103.1(2) 
$85.00
Power Assisted Bicycles have certain offences under the Highway Traffic Act which they must follow including:
No person under the age of 16 can operate or be on a power assisted bicycle.
All parties on a Power Assisted Bicycle must wear a bicycle helmet
See Appendix A

7. Highway Traffic Act Offences
Cyclist Offences
Offence
HTA Section - Bicycle* 
Set Fine 
Court Fee 
Victim Fine 
Total 
Improper lighting 
62(17)* 
$85.00 
$5.00 
$20.00 
$110.00 
Improper brakes 
64(2) 
No bell or defective bell 
75(5) 
$85.00
Fail to wear proper helmet
104(2.1)* 
$60.00 
$15.00 
$80.00 
Disobey stop sign, fail to stop 
136(1)(a) 
$20.00
Red light fail to stop 
144(18) 
$260.00 
$5.00
$325.00 
Careless driving 
130 
$400.00 
$490.00 
Fail to yield to pedestrian 
140(1)(a) 
$150.00 
$25.00 
Drive wrong way - one way traffic 
153 
Bicycle - fail to turn out to right when overtaking 
148(6)* 
Cyclist - ride in or along crosswalk 
144(29)* 
Cyclist - fail to stop to identify self 
218(2)* 
Ride 2 on a bicycle 
178(2)* 
Highway Traffic Act Offences
E-Bikes operators are required to follow the rules of the road governed to them by the Highway Traffic Act.
The Highway Traffic Act governs the operators of Power assisted bicycles to follow the rules of the road assigned to bicycles being:
See Appendix B

8. Highway Traffic Act/E-Bike Regulations
Highway Traffic Act Regulation 369/09
-Unladen Weight more than 120 kg 1
$85.00
$5.00
$20.00
$110.00
-Wheel width less than 35 mm
2(1)
$5.00 
-Wheel diameter less than 350 mm
2(2)
$110.00 
(battery\Motor) not securely fastened
3(1)
$85.00 
$20.00 
Motor fails to disengage as required
3(2)
-Electric terminals not insulated or covered 4
Fails to stop within 9m 5
-speed or power modified 6
Not in good working order 7
Power assisted Bicycles are also governed by regulations in the HTA.
See Appendix C

9. City of Cornwall Traffic And Parking By-law 069-1989
See Appendix D
Bicycles
50. (1) A person driving a bicycle upon a roadway shall:
(a) drive as near the right-hand side of the roadway as practical, and
(b) drive as near the right-hand or left-hand side of the roadway as practicable, and
(c) exercise due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction.
(3) Persons operating bicycles upon a roadway shall do so in single file.
(4) No person operating a bicycle shall carry any package, bundle or article which prevents the rider from keeping both hands on the handle bars.
(5) No person riding a bicycle on a highway shall remove his or her feet from the pedals white the bicycle is in motion.
(6) No person shall park a bicycle on a highway except in such a manner as to cause the least possible obstruction to pedestrian or vehicular traffic.
(7) No person shall ride a bicycle with a wheel or wheels more than sixty (60 cm) centimetres in diameter upon a sidewalk on any highway.
(8) No person above the age of 12 years shall ride a bicycle upon a sidewalk.

10. Cyclist Offences By-Law
By-Law Section – Bicycle*
Set Fine 
Court Fee 
Victim Fine 
Total 
Ride Bicycle not in Single File 
50(3)*
$55.00
$5.00 
$15.00 
$75.00 
Ride Bicycle on Sidewalk 
50(7)*
$15.00
$75.00
Drive Wrong Way on one way traffic 27
$5.00
Disobeying a no Left/Right turn Sign 29
The city of Cornwall has a by-law in place which deals with Bicycles being operated on the roadway. The definition of bicycle has the word power assisted bicycle in it which they would then have to fall into this category.
Interesting note of the Bicycle By-law is there is only 2 short form wording and set fines created available for officer enforcement. Of these two, one is not enforceable being the ride bicycle on sidewalk due to Dimensions of 60 cm diameter on certain bicycles.
See Appendix E

11. Motor Vehicle/Sidewalk Offences By-Law
In 2011 The city of Cornwall amended the current Traffic and Parking By-law Section 39 to include power-assisted Bicycle in the wording for Motor Vehicles.
Motor Vehicle/Sidewalk Offences By-Law
Offence
By-Law Section
Set Fine 
Court Fee 
Victim Fine 
Total 
Drive Motor Vehicle upon a Sidewalk
39(1)
$55.00
$5.00 
$15.00 
$75.00 
Drive Motor Vehicle upon a Footpath
$15.00
$75.00
Drive Motor Vehicle over a raised curb
39(2)
$5.00
Drive vehicle on Boulevard
39(3)
See Appendix F

12. Prohibited use of Power Assisted Bicycle in Lamoureux Park
City Council of Cornwall has also passed the prohibition of E-Bikes in certain areas of Lamoureux Park. Below is a photo of this exclusion.

13. Impaired Driving E-Bikes
Should an individual be operating a power assisted bicycle while using the power and intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, this person may be arrested and charged for impaired operation of a motor vehicle.

14. Personal Mobility Devices/ Wheelchairs
Sometimes also called a medical scooter
personal mobility device is a motorized wheelchair
driven by muscle power or
other types of power,
including electric motors
designed for use by people whose mobility is limited by one or more medical conditions.

15. Personal Mobility Devices/ HTA
Highway Traffic Act
Personal mobility devices are not considered motor vehicles and operators are considered to be pedestrians
Do not require
to be registered
Insured
Licence plates
Valid Driver’s Licence.
Helmet

16. Personal Mobility Devices/Scooters
These devices are often seen riding on the:
Sidewalk
Roadway
towards traffic
away from traffic
carrying packages on them/extra people

17. Personal Mobility Devices/Scooters
Most Importantly these devices can:
Travel up to 32 km/h
Requires no helmet
Requires no ownership
Requires no insurance
Requires no Driver’s Licence

18. City of Cornwall Traffic And Parking By-law 069-1989
See Appendix G
WHEELCHAIRS 
50.A (1) A person driving a wheelchair upon a roadway shall:
(a) drive as near the right-hand side of the roadway as practical, and
(b) exercise due care when passing a parked, stopped or standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction.
(c) bear the slow moving vehicle sign required by the Highway Traffic Act. Regulation 616 and comply with any other provisions required by any applicable legislation, including Regulation 625 of the Highway Traffic Act.
(d) be equipped with mirrors attached to the wheelchair or to the operator and placed in such a position as to afford the operator a clearly reflected view of the roadway in the rear, or of any vehicle approaching from the rear.
(2) A person driving a wheelchair upon a roadway designated for one-way traffic shall:
(a) obey and follow the designated one way street direction.
(b) drive as near the right-hand side of the roadway as practicable, and
(c) exercise due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction.
(3) Persons driving wheelchairs upon a roadway shall do so in single file.
(4) When on the roadway at any time from one-half hour before sunset to one-half hour after sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavourable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 150 meters or less, a wheelchair shall carry on the front thereof a lighted lamp displaying a white or amber light and on the rear thereof a lighted lamp displaying a red light

19. City of Cornwall Traffic And Parking By-law 069-1989 Continued
See Appendix G
(5) No person driving a wheelchair shall carry any package, bundle or article which prevents the operator from keeping both hands on the handle bars or one hand on the joystick control, which would prevent safe operation of the wheelchair.
(6) No wheelchair towing, hauling, pulling or pushing any kind of attachment, except those provided by the manufacturer as integral part of the equipment for the wheelchair, shall be operated upon a public highway or sidewalk.
(7) No operator of a wheelchair shall permit any person riding upon a bicycle, coaster, roller skates, skis, wagon, toboggan, sled, or toy vehicle to attach the same, himself or herself to the wheelchair.
(8) No person shall park a wheelchair on a highway except in such a manner as to cause the least possible obstruction to pedestrian or vehicular traffic.
(9) No wheelchair shall be operated upon a public highway or sidewalk except for the purpose of the carriage of a person who has a physical defect or disability.
(10) No wheelchair carrying more than one person shall be operated upon a public highway or sidewalk.
(11) A person driving a wheelchair upon the sidewalk shall:
(a) drive as near the right-hand side of the sidewalk as practical, and
(b) exercise due care, slowing down, even coming to a full stop as the case may require, when encountering oncoming pedestrians or while overtaking pedestrians proceeding in the same direction, always yielding the right-of-way to pedestrians, which would ensure free movement and safety of other pedestrians.
(c) be equipped with mirrors attached to the wheelchair or to the operator and placed in such a position as to afford the operator a clearly reflected view of the sidewalk in the rear, or of any pedestrian approaching from the rear.

20. Wheelchair Offences
The city of Cornwall Traffic and Parking By-Law has no short form wording and no set fines for any of the wheelchair offences.
The Highway Traffic Act has some charges available for enforcement.

21. Personal Mobility Devices
Mobility Scooters
driven by numerous different people
no helmets, insurance, ownership, driver’s licence
Can travel up to 32 KM/H
Requirement to identify themselves to Police
no legislation is currently available to police to require a pedestrian/wheelchair operator to identify themselves
Before any changes are made to the wheelchair section of the By-Law, I am requesting the city give some consideration to the application of the Ontario Human Rights Code and the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, at the very least.

22. Enforcement/ Education
Knowledge of each of these devices is important with understanding the rules:
Wheelchairs
E-Bikes

23. Enforcement Cornwall Community Police Service Highway Traffic Act
permits a police officer to stop and require identification
A cyclist found contravening the Act or any municipal by-law
Police Officer may arrest
Anyone who does identify himself/herself
City of Cornwall Traffic and Parking By-Law #
Proper Set fines and short form wording should be made available to law enforcement to conduct by-law traffic enforcement.

24. Education Cornwall Community Police Traffic Unit
Provide training to frontline members of the Cornwall Community Police Service
educate the public on e-bike/bicycle cycling safety.
media releases/Facebook/Twitter /local media
increased enforcement

25. Recommendations
It is recommended that formal training for all frontline personnel be completed
Media releases and information be shared with the public to educate them.
Establishing an up to date by-law applicable for Law Enforcement.

26. Recommendations
Amend the current City of Cornwall Traffic and Parking By-Law, to have more enforcement options.
Review all set fines and short form wordings to provide options to the police.

27. Questions????
For any further questions or concerns I am available to be reached at Cst. Matthew Dupuis #40 Cornwall Community Police Services- Traffic Unit 340 Pitt St. Cornwall, Ontario K6H 5T7 Collision Reconstructionist 613) Ext 2755