1. Divided Government and the Presidency: Eisenhower to Clinton
Kraig Grahmann

2. What is Divided Government?
Occurs when one political party controls the presidency while the other is the majority in the House, Senate, or both.

3. Presidents and Divided/Unified Government

4. Causes of Divided Government
Voters prefer balanced government
Voter Independence
Movement to the ideological center
Incumbency Advantage
Gerrymandering
High number of Republican presidents

5. Research Areas
Impact
Change
Tools

6. Impact of Divided Government: House Concurrence

7. Impact of Divided Government: Senate Concurrence

8. Divided Government Over Time

9. Change in Divided Government: Support by Party

10. Change in Divided Government: Ideological Differences

11. Change in Divided Government: Position Taking

12. Tools for Managing Divided Government: Marginal Coattails

13. Tools for Managing Divided Government: Veto Power

14. Tools for Managing Divided Government: Veto Threats

15. Tools for Managing Divided Government: Executive Orders

16. Tools for Managing Divided Government: Executive Agreements