1. The Spanish American War 1898
Chapter 22 Section 3

2. The Cuban Rebellion Spain ruled Cuba for centuries, almost 500 years.
The Cuban people revolted against the Spanish because they wanted to rule themselves.
Jose Marti led the Cubans independence movement against the Spanish in 1895.
The Spanish retaliated and many Cubans were killed, including Jose Marti.

3. American in Cuba
In 1880, as the U.S. government prepared for overseas expansion, wiping out Native American resistance in the West and building an offensive Navy, U.S. investment in Cuba increased rapidly. While six percent of Cuban exports went to Spain, a whopping eighty-six percent went to the U.S.
By 1894, less than 20% of sugar mill owners in Cuba were Cubans, and more than 95% of all Cuban sugar exports went to the U.S.
On January 24, 1898, President William McKinley sent the USS Maine to Havana to "protect American lives and property.“
At 9:40 p.m. on February 15, 1898, while sitting on the harbor at Havana, a freak accident, or an act of sabotage, caused an explosion that sent 260 sailors to their deaths and the battleship Maine to the ocean floor.

4. In late February, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, prepared the American naval fleet for action against the Spanish in the Philippines. The Philippines served as a base for the Spanish navy.
On May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey and the U.S. navy attacked the Spanish fleet in the Philippines, destroying most of the Spanish ships.
On April 25, 1898, the U.S. declared war on Spain.
Teddy Roosevelt, who eventually became a U.S. president, was so eager to make a name for himself that he resigned his post as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in order to join the war and claim his "chance at glory." In a mad rush for notoriety, Roosevelt personally financed the expedition and outfitted his troops. It was Roosevelt's "Rough Riders" that took San Juan Hill away from the depleted Spanish defenders.

5. Roosevelt and the Rough Riders at the top of San Juan Hill, Cuba.
Theodore Roosevelt
Buffalo Soldiers: African American Soldiers in the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry of the U.S. Army. These soldiers joined the Rough Riders in the war against Spain in Cuba.

6. America in Cuba
The Battle of Santiago Bay, May 19, 1898, between the Spanish and U.S. naval forces, ended centuries of Spanish power in the Western hemisphere. 1,800 Spaniards died in the battle, in contrast to one American.
On August 11, 1898, Spain accepted the peace terms, in which the U.S. received control of 4 new territories: Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam
Although the treaty officially granted Cuba's independence, it was the U.S. flag, not the Cuban flag, that was raised over Havana.
Spain received payment of $20-million for Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

7. Treaty of Paris- Dec. 19, 1898
The Treaty of Paris between the U.S and Spain officially ended the Spanish- American War.
In 1901 the U.S. agreed to grant Cubans independence, but the Cubans had to agree to certain terms.
The Platt Amendment expressed the terms under which Cuba would become independent.

8. The Platt Amendment-1901 The conditions of the Platt Amendmentt:
Cuba could not make treaties with any other nations.
The U.S. would control a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
The U.S. would be able to intervene in Cuban affairs if their independence was threatened.

9. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
The oldest overseas U.S. Naval Base and the only one in a country with which the U.S. does not maintain diplomatic relations.
In February 1903, the United States leased 45 square miles of land and water at Guantanamo Bay for use as a coaling (fueling) station.  The treaty was finalized and the document  was ratified by both governments and signed in Havana in December of that same year.  
 A 1934 treaty reaffirming the lease added a requirement that termination of the lease requires the consent of both the U.S. and Cuba governments, or the abandonment of the base property by the U.S.
 Naval Base Guantanamo Bay is on the front lines of the battle for regional security and protection from drug trafficking and terrorism, and protection for those who attempt to make their way through regional seas in un-seaworthy craft.  
 Mission of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
The base protects the ability of US Navy and Coast Guard ships to operate in the Caribbean operating area with supplies and support for their operational commitments.  During the past year Naval Base Guantanamo Bay has become the host to the Detainee Mission of the War on Terrorism following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. 

11. Acquiring the Philippines
The U.S. Acquired the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
The people of the Philippines wanted independence and revolted against the American presence in their country.
In 1901, the U.S. transferred power to a civilian government led by future U.S. president, William Howard Taft.
The Philippines did not gain full independence until 1946.

13. Quiz What country ruled Cuba for almost 5 centuries?
Who led the Cuban independence movement?
What battleship was sent to protect American citizens and interests in Cuba?
What happened to the American battleship?
Who was blamed for the incident?
What did this event lead to?
When did America declare war on Spain?
What happened on May 1, 1898?
What future U.S. president led the Rough Riders and took San Juan Hill in Cuba?
Who led the U.S. naval fleet in the Philippines?
Besides Cuba, what other Spanish colonies did the U.S. acquire from Spain?
What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?
List the 3 terms of the Platt Amendment.
When did the Philippines gain independence?

14. Quiz Answers Spain Jose Marti U.S.S. Maine
A freak accident, or act of sabotage, caused an explosion that killed 260 sailors.
Declaration of war against Spain
April 25, 1898
The U.S. Navy attacked the Spanish fleet in the Phillipines (first action of the Spanish-American War)
Commodore George Dewey
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
Puerto Rico, Phillipines, and Guam
Treaty of Paris
Cuba could not make treaties with any other nations
The U.S. would control a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
The U.S. would be able to intervene in Cuban affairs if their independence was threatened.