1. Why is the periodic table shaped this way?

2. The periodic table can really help us understand chemistry.

3. The periodic table can really help us understand chemistry.
HOW?

4. Because you will get to USE the periodic table on EOGs!!!!
YAAAAY!!!! IT’S LIKE LEGAL CHEATING!!!

5. First, let’s learn how this table actually reads…

6. Elements in the periodic table increase one by one, left to right as the atomic _________ increases ( _________(+))

7. Elements in the periodic table increase one by one, left to right as the atomic number increases ( PROTONS(+))

8. hand-out periodic table

9. refresher
ROWS
COLUMNS
LEFT to RIGHT
UP & DOWN

10. Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS
Remember that the two rows at the bottom
actually squeeze into rows 6 & 7 at column 3

11. Remember that these two bottom rows actually squeeze into group 3

12. It would nice if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows…ROWS

13. It would be nice if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows…ROWS

14. The PERIODIC TABLE calls ITS ROWS=PERIODS

15. ROWS=PERIODS
LET’S NUMBER THEM…

16. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

17. check for understanding…

18. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

19. Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS
and you’d THINK they’d just call the 18
columns of the PERIODIC TABLE COLUMNS

20. Of course it would be easy if the PERIODIC TABLE just called these 7 rows ROWS
and you’d THINK they’d just call the 18 columns
of the PERIODIC TABLE COLUMNS….

21. COLUMNS = GROUPS P1
LET’S NUMBER THEM… P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

22. We have 18 GROUPS in the periodic table.

23. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
Make sure to number them!
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12 P4 P5 P6 P7

24. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

25. check for understanding…

27. Of course, we have already learned quite a bit about this Periodic Table.

28. We already know that the atomic number = number of _________

29. We already know that the atomic number = number of protons(+)

30. you should already know this…
the atomic number (number of protons (+)) is how we ________ each element!

31. you should already know this…
the atomic number (number of protons (+)) is how we identify each element!

32. and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom.
N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ?

33. and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom.
N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER

34. and we already learned how to find the number of neutrons (o) in the center of each atom.
N (o) = ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER
N (o) = 7 – 3…4 neutrons in a lithium atom

35. atomic basics worksheet…
Atoms usually want equal numbers of electrons(-) orbiting their protons(+) to balance their charges.

36. atomic basics worksheet…
number of electrons USUALLY = number of protons
Atoms usually want equal numbers of electrons(-) orbiting their protons(+) to balance their charges.

37. Why is the periodic table shaped this way?
…with its 7 rows/periods and its 18 columns/
groups?

38. Why is the periodic table shaped this way?
With this big dip in the middle?
…with its 7 rows/periods and its 18 columns/
groups?

39. Hand-out “first twenty elements/atoms go here”

40. Let’s just look at the first twenty elements here….

41. …are represented HERE. H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar KCa

42. Below each element abbreviation, write their number of protons (+) & number of neutrons(o) in each atom’s nucleus H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca

43. Did you notice anything strange about Hydrogen atoms??

44. Why doesn’t Hydrogen have any neutrons like ALL other elements?

45. The NEUTRAL particle in the center of atoms that helps hold the protons together in the nucleus is the NEUTRON!

46. Why doesn’t Hydrogen have any neutrons like ALL other elements?
HYDROGEN is the ONLY ELEMENT WITHOUT a NEUTRON, becaues it doesn’t need them to stick multiple protons together!!

47. Below each element abbreviation, write their number of protons (+) & number of neutrons(o) in each atom’s nucleus H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
HYDROGEN is the ONLY ELEMENT WITHOUT
a NEUTRON, becaues it doesn’t need
them to stick multiple protons together!!

48. Put this sheet aside for now.
Get back to you notes.

49. What about the number of electrons?

50. Electrons(-) usually = protons(+), to balance out the charge of an atom, but we haven’t talked much about electrons(-)!
(o).

51. O________ electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO __________!

52. Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO nearly infinitE types of MOLECULES!

53. the shape of the periodic table is all about those orbiting electrons(-)

54. This is where it gets trippy!!
because electrons (-) do not just randomly orbit around the atomic nucleus.
This is where it gets trippy!!

55. just like our planets orbit the sun,

56. just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits…

57. just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits… electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in distinct orbits too!!

58. just like our planets orbit the sun in distinct orbits… electrons orbit the atomic nucleus in distinct orbits too!!

59. LET’S LOOK AT THE FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS AGAIN, but WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO ELECTRONS!
hand-out 2nd sheet…

60. What do you notice about electron (-) orbits?
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

61. The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

62. Go back to your periodic table for just a bit...

63. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS
G18 G1 G2 P1
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

64. EZ homework…

65. FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT ALL THE BLANKS INCLUDING THE ONES BELOW.
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

66. FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT THE BOTTOM INFORMATION
FIRST, READ AND FILL OUT THE BOTTOM INFORMATION. THEN, RE-FILL THE NUMBERS OF PROTONS (+) AND NEUTRONS (o) for these FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS. H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

68. day 2 Today we continue with how ELECTRONS shape the Periodic Table

69. Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO nearly infinitE types of MOLECULES!

70. The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

71. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS
G18 G1 G2 P1
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

72. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS
G18 G1 G2 P1
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12
But WHY are there ONLY 2 elements in PERIOD 1 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

73. ONLY UP TO 2 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN THE FIRST INNERMOST ORBIT
The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
ONLY UP TO 2 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN THE FIRST INNERMOST ORBIT
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

74. The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
After this inner orbit is filled, the NEXT electrons have to go onto the second orbit!
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

75. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS
G18 G1 G2 P1
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12 P4
But WHY are there ONLY 8 elements in PERIOD 2 P5 G3 P6 P7
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

76. ONLY UP TO 8 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN the SECOND ORBIT
The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
ONLY UP TO 8 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN the SECOND ORBIT
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

77. ONCE YOU GET PAST 10 ELECTRONS, THE NEXT 8 FILL UP THE 3rd ORBIT
The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
ONCE YOU GET PAST 10 ELECTRONS, THE NEXT 8 FILL UP THE 3rd ORBIT
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

78. 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS
G18 G1 G2 P1
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9
G10
G11
G12
THAT’S WHY THERE ARE ONLY 8 ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3 TOO! P4 P5 G3 P6 P7
All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7,
and under group 3.

79. I will assign your table groups different elements to model
I will assign your table groups different elements to model. Grab an atom kit and get into your table groups of 2-4.
FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ON YOUR SHEET TO PLACE PROTONS(+), NEUTRONS(o) & YOUR ELECTRONS(-) IN THE CORRECT ORBITS!!!.

80. Be ready to come up here and show your results
Be ready to come up here and show your results! I’LL DO THE FIRST TWO E-Z ONES H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

81. HYDROGEN…

82. HELIUM…

83. The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

84. you will be assigned one of the elements 11-20 to model.
second round…
you will be assigned one of the elements to model.

85. The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD (row). H
P(+)=
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

86. MAKE SURE YOUR SHEET IS COMPLETE TOO!!! CAREFULLY!!
N(o)= He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
Number of ___________ (+) = ATOMIC __________ (top #)
Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #)
ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ___________ (o)
Protons (+) = electrons (-)…2 fit in 1st orbit, 8 in 2nd orbit, 8 in 3rd orbit

87. GREAT! Now staple thesE sheetS in your notes & don’t lose it!!!!