1. Factors Encouraging American Industrial Growth

2. Natural Resources Coal  Virginia Iron  Pennsylvania
Lumber  Many States
Oil  Pennsylvania, Texas
Fertile Soil  Cotton, Wheat, Tobacco
Swift Streams in New England  Water power

3. Coal producing regions

5. Constitution Stable currency (national monetary system)
Regulation of interstate commerce
Patent protection (encourages inventions)
Restrictions on states (no internal tariffs= national market)
5th Amendment protection of property

6. Government Policies Protective Tariffs
Land grants and cash subsidies (especially to railroads)
Laissez-faire policy

7. Growing Population America had 5 million people in 1800
Why? Immigration and “natural fertility”

8. Inventions Americans led the world in innovations
Thomas Edison: phonograph, light bulb
Otis: Elevator
Goodyear: rubber
Ford: assembly line
Suspension Bridges
Bessemer steel process
Skyscrapers
Standardized tracks

10. Seattle on the left, NYC on the right

12. Otis demonstrating his elevator, picture at right
Otis demonstrating his elevator, picture at right. Allows for the building of skyscrapers: up and down

13. Henry Ford and Charles Goodyear

14. Assembly line in process….mass production, mass boredom

15. Bessemer process

16. New Sources of Power
Petroleum (after invention of the internal combustion engine)
Electricity
Continued Mechanization of industry

18. Thresher: mechanization of farming: what would the impact be??

19. Improved Transportation and Communication
1st Transcontinental railroad completed 1869, several more were built
Pullman sleeper car, Westinghouse air-brake made train travel safer, more comfortable
Morse: telegraph (Western Union)
Bell: telephone (American Telephone and Telegraph a.k.a. ATT)

22. Railroads 1865

23. Railroad network 1890’s

24. Rail travel made better (Pullman sleeper car on the upper left in “daytime mode”. Porters would come around and change the cabin to fit for nighttime quarters)
Rail travel made safer (Westinghouse airbrake on the upper right which allowed trains to travel at higher speeds as stopping became more reliable)

26. Effect of Wars
Government becomes major purchaser of goods and foodstuffs
War of 1812 marked a shift from commerce (carrying trade) to manufacturing in the textile industry
The Civil War led to a period of “Republican ascendancy”- policies that were pro-business

27. Results of Industrial Growth
New products and technologies rapidly modernized America
Higher standard of living for many Americans
Accumulation of huge fortunes by industrialists
Rapid growth of cities which led to problems accompanying that growth

28. Serious Economic Questions Raised
Monopoly: good or not?
“Fair” taxation: tariff, income tax
Government regulation: yes or no
Labor management conflict

29. From left to right: Carnegie, Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt

30. Double role of Carnegie (cutting wages on one hand, and donating money on the other)

31. Robber barons then and now

32. Vegetable canning factory: discuss conditions….

33. Child labor…

34. State militia called in to protect the plant from striking workers

35. Who stole the people’s money
Who stole the people’s money???: Discuss corruption, often connection between business and politicians

36. Boss Tweed and the Vultures

37. Discuss “trusts”