1. Bell Ringer:
What is a gene? I’m not talking about the ones you wore to school either!

2. RNA and Step 1 of protein synthesis
RNA & TRANSCRIPTION

3. What is a Gene?
Genes are sections of DNA that are instructions that control the production of proteins.

4. What is a Gene?

5. Central Dogma Proteins DNA RNA Transcription Translation Step 1 Step 2
Occurs at the Ribosome
Occurs in the Nucleus

6. Protein Synthesis Consists of 2 main steps Step 1: Transcription
Step 2: Translation

7. Transcription
Step 1
DNA
RNA
Occurs in the Nucleus

8. RNA is different from DNA in 3 ways
What is RNA?
RNA is different from DNA in 3 ways

9. The sugar is Ribose instead of deoxyribose

10. RNA is Single stranded instead of double stranded

11. G C C G T A A U Thymine is replaced by Uracil Let’s make an RNA strand
How to code DNA into mRNA
In RNA
There is no Thymine
Adanine bonds to Uracil
A – U G C C G
Uracil
Adenine T A
Let’s make an RNA strand
DNA A T G C
mRNA A U U A C G U G

12. You just did TRANSCRIPTION!!! Let’s Practice some more!!
DNA A T G C
mRNA U A C U G G G U C C U
DNA T C A G
mRNA A A G U G U C U U A G C U

13. What is Transcription?
This is the stage where the RNA is made from a strand of DNA using the enzyme RNA polymerase. This occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell.

14. Why is Transcription important?
Because DNA is too big to leave the nucleus, the cell needs to make a messenger that will take the genetic code of DNA from the nucleus to the protein factories (ribosomes) in the cytoplasm.

15. What happens during Transcription?
An Enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to one strand of the DNA at the start codon.

16. What happens during Transcription?
RNA polymerase will unwind the DNA helix and separate the 2 strands.
RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand, reading the bases and making an mRNA strand.

17. What happens during Transcription?
The RNA polymerase detaches when it hits a stop codon.
The DNA then rewinds itself back into a helix