1. The Road to Civil War

2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH: “SECTIONALISM”
Favored stronger national government
Growing industrial economy
Greater population
Bigger cities and more immigrants
Favored tariffs
Abolitionism
“Free states”
Favored stronger state governments
Agricultural based economy
Smaller population
Fewer cities and immigrants
Issues with tariffs
Slavery
“Slave states”

3. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)
1820- Missouri petitioned to become a state and wished to be a slave state
This would make representation in Congress unbalanced (There were 11 free states & 11 slave states)
The Missouri Compromise allowed the following:
Missouri- slave state
Maine- free state
Any states made below the 36º30’ line of latitude is open to slavery
Compromise was meant to make both sides happy and keep equal representation in Congress

4. ANNEXATION OF TEXAS AND OREGON…A CONTINUATION OF MANIFEST DESTINY!
Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836
In 1845, President James K. Polk allowed Texas to join the Union- this would later contribute to the U.S. going to war with Mexico
U.S. and Great Britain shared Oregon through a treaty they agreed to in 1818
Polk feared conflict with Great Britain over the annexation of Oregon
U.S. and Great Britain peacefully agreed that the boundary line would be 54º40’ line (north would be British and south would be U.S.)

5. ANNEXATION OF TEXAS AND OREGON

6. MEXICAN WAR ( )
Cause: Texas annexation and disputes over the southern border of Texas (Rio Grande River)
Pres. Polk also tried to negotiate California and New Mexico- Mexico refused
U.S. invaded Mexico after a shootout on the boarder
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- gave the U.S. Calif, Utah, Nevada, and parts of NM, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. AND the Rio Grande River becomes the southern border.
Significance: First time the U.S. fight on foreign soil over Manifest Destiny

7. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
California experienced a gold rush in and requested statehood a year later; Representation in Congress would be unequal again.
California petitioned to be a free state
Compromise of 1850 did the following:
California entered as a free state
Fugitive Slave Act (return runaway slaves)
UT and NM would be opened to popular sovereignty (citizens vote on slavery)
The Compromise was more of a victory for the North and it upset the South.

8. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Kansas and Nebraska Territories are opened to popular sovereignty (citizens vote on the issue of slavery)
Cancelled out the Missouri Compromise
Meant to calm the North and South
INSTEAD it led to a outbreak of violence known as “Bleeding Kansas”

9. DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD (1857)
Sanford moved his family and slaves (including Dred Scott) from Missouri (slave) to Illinois (free)
Scott sued for his freedom
The Supreme Court ruled that he was a slave and did not have the right to sue

10. JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY, VA
Brown was an abolitionist involved in “Bleeding Kansas” and other anti-slavery movements
Was seen by abolitionists as a “hero”
In 1859, he planned an armed rebellion in Harper’s Ferry, VA with roughly 20 white men and slaves. The idea was to raid the federal arsenal and take weapons which he would pass through the South
They were attacked by citizens and later the military
John Brown was arrested and hanged

11. ELECTION OF 1860
The big issue was whether or not to allow slavery in new territories
Abraham Lincoln (Republican) wanted to prohibit slavery in new territories and keep it contained where it exists
Stephen Douglas (Democrat) and John Breckinridge (Democrat) supported popular sovereignty
John Bell (Constitutional Union) wanted to leave the slave issue alone
Lincoln won with 60% of the electoral votes over the other 3 candidates