1. The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750
The American Nation
Chapter 4
The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 4: The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750
The American Nation
Chapter 4: The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750
Section 1: The New England Colonies
Section 2: The Middle Colonies
Section 3: The Southern Colonies
Section 4: Roots of Self-Government
Section 5: Life in the Colonies
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

3. The New England Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 1
Why did the Puritans decide to leave England?
What problems in Massachusetts colony caused people to leave? 
Why were the Puritans and Native Americans at war?
Why were towns and villages important in New England life?

4. The Puritans Decide to Leave England
Chapter 4, Section 1
Who were the Puritans?
A religious group who had hoped to reform the Church of England.
Led the migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony.

5. Puritans Decide to Leave England
Why did they leave England?
The king disapproved of Puritans and their ideas, canceled Puritan business charters, and had some Puritans jailed.

6. Puritans Decide to Leave England
They believed that England had fallen on “evil and declining times.”
They wanted to build a new society based on biblical laws and teachings.
Younger sons of wealthy English families were attracted to Massachusetts Bay Colony because: it offered cheap land or a chance to start a business.

7. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629- Puritans persuade officials to grant them a charter to establish Massachusetts Bay Colony.
John Winthrop chosen as governor.
Only stockholders who had invested money in the colony had the right to vote.
Later, to keep non-Puritans out of Government, only male church members had the right to vote elect members of the General Court.

8. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Colony prospers
Between 1629 & ,000 people settled.
This became known as the “Great Migration”

9. Problems in Massachusetts
Puritan leaders didn’t like to be questioned.
Unhappy colonists were forced to leave.
Some formed other colonies in New England.

10. Connecticut Founded by Thomas Hooker
He felt the Governor of Mass. had too much power.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Limited the power of the governor.
All male property owners could vote.

11. Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams
Believed that the Puritan church had too much power.
Church and state should be completely separate since political concern would corrupt the church.
Freedom of religion.
All white men had the right to vote.

12. Anne Hutchinson Questioned the Puritan church’s teachings.
Claimed God spoke directly to her.
Tried and ordered her to leave the colony.
Fled to Rhode Island
Became a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.

13. New Hampshire Settlers spread out across New England
Trading & fishing villages grew north of Boston
King made the area into a separate colony.
William Penn and Roger Williams tried to treat Indians fairly, but as more colonists settled in NE, they began to take more Indian land.

14. Puritans and Indians Fought Over Land
Chapter 4, Section 1
As colonists settled in New England, they took over more Indian lands.
1670, nearly 45,000 settlers in New England.
1675, Chief Metacom (King Phillip) and Indians destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 settlers.

15. Towns and Villages Were Important in New England Life
Chapter 4, Section 1
In the center of each village was the common, an open field where the settlers’ cattle grazed.
The Puritans worshiped in the village meeting house. They took their Sabbath seriously.
Puritans believed people should worship and tend to local matters as a community.

16. Towns and Villages Were Important in New England Life
Settlers gathered at the meeting house for town meetings, where they discussed and voted on issues.
Town meetings gave people a chance to speak their minds & encouraged the growth of democratic ideas in New England.

17. Towns and Villages Were Important in New England Life
Some towns became important centers of trade and shipbuilding.
Fishing and whaling became another important part of the New England economy.

18. Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 1
The Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a new society
a) that would expand the Church of England.
b) where church members and nonchurch members alike could vote.
c) based on their views of biblical laws and teachings.
d) where church and state were completely separate.
Which statement is NOT true of the New England Colonies?
a) Settlers spoke their minds at town meetings.
b) Fishing and shipbuilding were important economic activities.
c) Religion had an important influence on colonial life.
d) Farmers plowed broad, fertile fields to grow wheat.
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19. Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 1
The Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a new society
a) that would expand the Church of England.
b) where church members and nonchurch members alike could vote.
c) based on their views of biblical laws and teachings.
d) where church and state were completely separate.
Which statement is NOT true of the New England Colonies?
a) Settlers spoke their minds at town meetings.
b) Fishing and shipbuilding were important economic activities.
c) Religion had an important influence on colonial life.
d) Farmers plowed broad, fertile fields to grow wheat.
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20. The Middle Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 2
Why did the colony of New Netherland become New York?
Why did New Jersey separate from New York?
How was Pennsylvania founded?
What was life like in the Middle Colonies?

21. Main Idea!!!
The Middle Colonies attracted a wide variety of immigrants who settled on farms and in cities.
They’re located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies.

22. The Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

23. New Netherland Became New York
Chapter 4, Section 2
Settlers traded furs in New Netherland. New Amsterdam became a thriving port.
People from all over Europe were attracted to New Amsterdam because they could practice their religion freely.

24. New Netherland Became New York
Rivalry grew between England and the Netherlands over trade & colonies.
New Netherland governor swore to defend his colony.
English warships entered harbor, Dutch colonists refused to fight, so the governor surrendered. English took over without a shot.
King of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.
The result of the rivalry between the Netherlands and England was New Netherland was taken by the English and became New York.

25. New Jersey Separated From New York
Chapter 4, Section 2
The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern.
He gave some land to friends who started a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony. In a proprietary colony, the king gave land to one or more people. They could divide the land and charge rent.

26. New Jersey Separated From New York
Settlers came from countries such as Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Germany & Sweden.
In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which is a colony under the direct control of the English crown.
New Jersey’s charter protected the practice of religious freedom.

27. William Penn Founded Pennsylvania
Chapter 4, Section 2
In England, William Penn was a Quaker, a religious group that believed all people were equal in God’s sight.
Quakers spoke out against war & refused to serve in the Army.
Quakers were despised & persecuted.
Penn believed the Quakers must leave England.

28. William Penn Founded Pennsylvania
The king issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, called Pennsylvania.
Penn called for fair treatment of Indians & insisted settlers pay for land they bought from Indians.
Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries, including Germany.

29. Life in the Middle Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 2
Cash crops- crops sold for profit
Grain: wheat, oats, etc. (Breadbasket Colonies)
Large farms
Skilled artisans (manufacturing)
Homes far apart
Settlers from many different countries
Self-sufficient homes

30. Section 2 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 2
The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled by
a) the Dutch.
b) Puritans.
c) people of many different religious backgrounds.
d) friends of the Duke of York.
Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies?
a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soil
b) settlers of many different religious backgrounds
c) settlers from many different countries
d) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms
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31. Section 2 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 2
The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled by
a) the Dutch.
b) Puritans.
c) people of many different religious backgrounds.
d) friends of the Duke of York.
Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies?
a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soil
b) settlers of many different religious backgrounds
c) settlers from many different countries
d) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms
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32. The Southern Colonies Why was Maryland important to Roman Catholics?
Chapter 4, Section 3
Why was Maryland important to Roman Catholics?
How were the Carolinas and Georgia founded?
What two ways of life developed in the Southern Colonies?
Why did the slave trade grow in the 1700s?

33. Maryland and Catholics
Chapter 4, Section 3
1632—Sir George Calvert- Roman Catholic. Asked King Charles I for a colony for Catholics. Calvert died. His son, Lord Baltimore, took over.
1634—Settlers arrive. Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and council of advisers, but let colonists elect an assembly.

34. Maryland and Catholics
1649— Assembly passes an Act of Toleration, a law that provided religious freedom for all Christians.

35. Bacon’s Rebellion
Chapter 4, Section 3
More settlers arrive in Virginia, expecting to farm tobacco.
Newcomers were pushed farther inland, onto Indian lands.
Settlers and Indians clashed.

36. Bacon’s Rebellion contd.
Settlers asked governor for help. He wouldn’t act.
Nathaniel Bacon organized angry frontier planters.
Raided Indian villages, then burned Jamestown.
The revolt soon ended when Bacon died suddenly.

37. The Carolinas
Carolinas- were settled when 8 English nobles received a grant from the English King.
North Carolina:
poor tobacco farmers from Virginia
small farms

38. The Carolinas South Carolina: 8 English nobles Charles Town
settlers from the Caribbean.
rice and indigo, a plant used to make blue dye.
enslaved Africans

39. Georgia Georgia James Oglethorpe
A place where debtors, or people who owed money and could not pay could start over.
Slavery illegal at first

40. Settlers in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina all grew tobacco.
Two Ways of Life
In the Atlantic colonies, two distinct ways of life emerged. One, along the Atlantic coast and another in the back country.
Settlers in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina all grew tobacco.
Settlers in South Carolina and Georgia grew rice and indigo.
Only a small percentage of white southerners owned large plantations.

41. Settlers there were treated as equals.
BACKCOUNTRY LIFE
The back country was located along the base of the Appalachian mountains.
Settlers there were treated as equals.
Backcountry farms were largely self sufficient.
They grew garden crops such as beans, corn, and peas.
There were few slaves in the backcountry south.

42. 2 Ways of Life in Southern Colonies
Tidewater Plantantions
Backcountry
Land
Coastal Plains, Rivers
Rolling hills, Forests
Farms
Large Plantations
Small Farms
Crops
Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
Tobacco, Garden Crops
Slavery
Many worked plantations
Few

43. Slave Trade Grows in 1700s 1619 – 1st slaves arrive in Virginia
1620’s – Some free, some servants, some slaves
Early 1700s - plantations needed large numbers of workers, had to rely on slave labor.
In Africa, slave traders traded slaves in exchange for guns and other goods.

44. Slave Trade Grows in 1700s
1700s – thousands of slaves brought from Africa by slave traders.
The passage of slave ships across the Atlantic Ocean became known as the Middle Passage.
Slave Codes- laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior; treated slaves as property

45. Section 3 Assessment The Southern Colonies were especially known for
Chapter 4, Section 3
The Southern Colonies were especially known for
a) shipbuilding.
b) fishing and whaling.
c) iron.
d) rice and tobacco.
One reason why the slave trade grew was that
a) plantations needed large numbers of workers.
b) so many slaves died during the voyage.
c) colonists were defying the Quakers who spoke out against it.
d) sparsely populated colonies like Georgia needed more people.
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46. Section 3 Assessment The Southern Colonies were especially known for
Chapter 4, Section 3
The Southern Colonies were especially known for
a) shipbuilding.
b) fishing and whaling.
c) iron.
d) rice and tobacco.
One reason why the slave trade grew was that
a) plantations needed large numbers of workers.
b) so many slaves died during the voyage.
c) colonists were defying the Quakers who spoke out against it.
d) sparsely populated colonies like Georgia needed more people.
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47. Roots of Self-Government
Chapter 4, Section 4
Why did England want to control colonial trade?
What were colonial governments like?
How were the liberties of the colonists limited?

48. England Controlled Colonial Trade
Chapter 4, Section 4
England believed that it’s colonies existed to benefit the home country.
This was part of an economic theory called mercantilism, which said:
A nation became strong by controlling its trade.
A country should export more than it imports.

49. England Controlled Colonial Trade
exports - goods sent to markets outside a country
imports - goods brought into a country

50. Navigation Acts
To enforce mercantilism, England passed the Navigation Acts, laws that regulated or controlled trade between England and the colonies.
Purpose: to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

51. Navigation Acts benefitted England
Navigation Acts stated:
Only colonial or English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies. Result: England controlled colonial trade.
Some products (tobacco & cotton) could only be shipped to England. Result: Created jobs for English workers in rolling the tobacco and making cotton into cloth.

52. Navigation Acts benefitted the Colonies
Navigation Acts stated:
Encouraged colonists to build their own ships. Result: New England became a prosperous shipbuilding center.
Colonial traders didn’t have to compete with foreigners and always had a market for their goods in England.

53. Navigation Acts
Many colonists believed the Navigation Acts favored English merchants.
Result: Colonial traders often ignored Navigation Acts or found ways around them.

54. England Regulated Colonial Trade
Chapter 4, Section 4
Yankees—a nickname for New England traders—dominated colonial trade.
Colonial merchants developed many trade routes. One route was known as the triangular trade.
Colonial merchants sometimes defied the Navigation Acts by buying goods from the Dutch, French, and Spanish West Indies.

55. Rights Under Colonial Governments
Chapter 4, Section 4
1689 English Bill of Rights signed.
protected rights of individuals
guaranteed right to trial by jury
said the ruler could not raise taxes or army without approval of Parliament
bill of rights—a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

56. Limits on Liberties of Colonists
Chapter 4, Section 4
Women had fewer rights than men.
Married women had fewer rights than unmarried women and widows.
Africans had almost no rights.
Indians had almost no rights.

57. England passed the Navigation Acts to see to it that
Section 4 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 4
England passed the Navigation Acts to see to it that
a) colonial merchants would become wealthy.
b) only England benefited from colonial trade.
c) England would import more than it exported.
d) colonial merchants had to compete with foreign merchants.
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58. Colonial legislatures included an assembly elected by
a) Christian white men over 21 who owned property.
b) all colonists who owned property.
c) married Christian men and women.
d) all colonists who went to church.

59. Section 4 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 4
England passed the Navigation Acts to see to it that
a) colonial merchants would become wealthy.
b) only England benefited from colonial trade.
c) England would import more than it exported.
d) colonial merchants had to compete with foreign merchants.
Colonial legislatures included an assembly elected by
a) Christian white men over 21 who owned property.
b) all colonists who owned property.
c) married Christian men and women.
d) all colonists who went to church.
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60. Life in the Colonies What social classes existed in the colonies?
Chapter 4, Section 5
What social classes existed in the colonies?
How did the Great Awakening affect the colonies?
How did the colonists educate their children?
How were the colonies affected by the Enlightenment?

61. Colonial Society
In England, people’s opportunities in life were determined by birth.
Colonists in America enjoyed more social equality than people in England.
Class differences still existed.

62. Social Classes in the Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 5
Gentry
wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, lawyers, royal officials
Middle Class
farmers, skilled craftsmen, some tradesmen

63. Social Classes in the Colonies
Lower Class
Farmhands
Indentured servants -people who worked without wages in return for their ocean passage or “Freedom” dues.**
Some became successful & rose to the Middle Class.
Slaves-treated as property**

64. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening began with powerful ministers.
Chapter 4, Section 5
A religious movement known as the Great Awakening swept through the colonies.
The Great Awakening began with powerful ministers.
It led many people to split from their old churches and start new ones.

65. The Great Awakening
So many new churches forced people to be more tolerant of different beliefs.
Preachers said formal training was less important than a heart filled with the holy spirit.
Jonathan Edwards helped set off the Great Awakening.

66. The Great Awakening
Encouraged a spirit of independence.--If people could learn to worship on their own, they could govern themselves.
People felt freer to challenge political authority.
So many new churches forced people to be more tolerant of people with different beliefs.

67. Education in the Colonies
New England
Massachusetts required all parents to teach their children “to read and understand the principles of religion.”
Massachusetts set up the first public schools
The earliest schools had one room for students of all ages.

68. Education in the Colonies
Middle Colonies
Set up private schools.
Only wealthy families could educate their children.

69. Education in the Colonies
Southern Colonies
Some planters hired tutors.
Sons of the very wealthy went to school in England.

70. Education in the Colonies
Apprenticeships
Boys might serve as apprentices to learn a trade by living with a master and working for free in return for training.

71. The Enlightenment
Chapter 4, Section 5
The Enlightenment - a movement started by thinkers who applied reason and logic to understand the world.
John Locke - people could gain knowledge by observing and experimenting.
Ben Franklin used reason to invent useful devices to improve his world.

72. The Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin wrote his famous publication, Poor Richards Almanac.
Franklin wanted to use reason to improve the world around him.
Effect of the Enlightenment- Colonists read about and discussed new ideas.**

73. The Great Awakening encouraged people to
Section 5 Assessment
Chapter 4, Section 5
The Great Awakening encouraged people to
a) remain in the churches they had grown up with.
b) worship in a calm, quiet atmosphere.
c) separate religion and politics.
d) think more independently about their political rights and governments.
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74. Benjamin Franklin is a good example of the Enlightenment spirit because he
a) used reason to invent practical devices and create public services.
b) used reason to argue that John Peter Zenger had not committed libel.
c) rose from the lower class to the middle class.
d) published the first regular weekly newspaper in the English colonies.

75. Section 5 Assessment The Great Awakening encouraged people to
Chapter 4, Section 5
The Great Awakening encouraged people to
a) remain in the churches they had grown up with.
b) worship in a calm, quiet atmosphere.
c) separate religion and politics.
d) think more independently about their political rights and governments.
Benjamin Franklin is a good example of the Enlightenment spirit because he
a) used reason to invent practical devices and create public services.
b) used reason to argue that John Peter Zenger had not committed libel.
c) rose from the lower class to the middle class.
d) published the first regular weekly newspaper in the English colonies.
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