1. BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER “A CASE OF BARRIERS TO SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN MWANZA, TANZANIA” Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, 9-10 April, 2003, Ghent, Belgium
THE
K.F. MANYIKA,
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENT, VICE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE,
P.O. Box 5380
DAR ES SALAAM
TANZANIA s:

2. Organization of the presentation
1. Introduction
2. Identification of barriers
3. Types of Identified Barriers
3. Proposed Means of removing barriers
4. Conclusion/recommendation

3. INTRODUCTION Tanzania has a population of about 34.56 millions
Less than 10% of the population has access to grid electricity services.
About 75% of the population live in rural areas with only 1% having access to electricity services (i.e.99% of the population in rural areas has no access to electricity)

4. INTRODUCTION (Contd..)
Grid electrification in TZ is undertaken by the Ministry of Energy and Minerals through TANESCO. Tanesco is under restructuring towards privatization in 2004
Privatization of TANESCO might further slow down the rural electrification plans

5. INTRODUCTION (Contd..)
Most rural people use kerosene lamps for lighting
Kerosene use in the rural areas ranges from litres per household/ year
Substitution of kerosene use with electricity would reduce between 130 to 267 kg of CO2 per solar home system per year

6. INTRODUCTION (Contd..)
Solar PV technology is a financially and economically viable option for off-grid electrification in Tanzania
Mwanza region has an average solar regime of about 5.5 kWh/m2/day
Introduction of solar PV systems in Mwanza will eliminate about 2.5 million litres of kerosene used annually

7. INTRODUCTION (Contd..)
Solar PV installation rate is very low (Only 0.5MWp has been installed in Tanzania, out of 40 MWp solar installed in developing countries).
There are practical barriers to effective deployment and diffusion of Solar PV Technologies in Tanzania

8. IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS
Different initiatives (Government /donor ) has been undertaken to promote use of solar PV technology in Tanzania.
In Feb.2001, a PDF-B project on Solar PV Market Transformation in Tanzania was approved by GEF
The objectives of the project were:-
review the status of the rural market for PV technology

9. IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS (contd..)
Identify barriers so as to boost PV market, especially in rural communities located off-grid
A survey was undertaken through PRA to identify the issues that pose barriers to PV solar penetration in Mwanza, Tanzania.

10. IDENTIFIED BARRIERS Barrier Degree of importance
Limited awareness of, and experience with PV technology and 12 VDC appliances. Energy is a low priority area among users
Major barrier
Inadequate business knowledge and capacity for distribution
Limited technical knowledge of proper sizing, installation, operation and maintenance

11. IDENTIFIED BARRIERS (contd..):-
High cost of solar systems, initial capital investment and operation and maintenance
Major barrier
Low purchasing power of the rural people
Lack of established dealer network
Secondary barrier
Lack of solar PV standards and poor/inappropriate installation
Inadequate Policy implementation
Difficult access to finance for suppliers(impoters , dealers, etc.)
Difficult access to finance for end users

12. Proposed Means of removing barriers
Increase understanding of solar PV technology to the large community (via TV/radio programs, personal networks, performing arts, demonstrations and exhibitions)
Link Solar PV distribution network with other existing distribution networks, e.g. Petrol station, rural MFI etc

13. Proposed Means of removing barriers(contd..)
Build business knowledge and capacity for Distribution of solar PV systems (training, promotion, trade fair, etc.)
Reduce tax (e.g. VAT) and import duty
Stimulate local manufacturing of components and assembling

14. Proposed Means of removing barriers (contd..)
Link installation of PV systems with poverty alleviation projects
Subsidize promotion of solar technology by linking it with the social sectors

15. Proposed Means of removing barriers (contd..)
Encourage financiers to advertise and disseminate information on opportunities of Solar PV financing so as to raise awareness of existing financing opportunities
Develop policy implementation strategies

16. Proposed Means of removing barriers (contd..)
Formulate/revise policies to support solar PV
Enact appropriate legislation on solar PV systems
Develop and enforce standards on solar PV systems

17. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IS A KEY COMPONENT TOWARDS CREATION OF ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS FOR ANY SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES NEEDS SPECIAL FINACIAL SUPPORT

18. THE END
-THANK YOU-