1. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
Cellular Respiration
How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

2. Engage Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar
3 Phosphates
December 6, 2018

3. December 6, 2018

4. Explain: Where do our cells get energy?
6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell
What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars?
Carbohydrates
Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy”
December 6, 2018

5. Overall Chemical Process
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy
(ATP)
December 6, 2018

6. Cellular Respiration (3-stages)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
December 6, 2018

7. December 6, 2018

8. Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O)
ATP
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

9. December 6, 2018

10. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Glycolysis:
Step 1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

11. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

12. To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain

13. Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP
Where Cytoplasm
NO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP
6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates
Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+  NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)
December 6, 2018

14. Summary In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH
a net of 2 ATP
December 6, 2018

15. Questions Where does glycolysis take place? Glycolysis energy yield?
Breaks glucose into TWO ________.
December 6, 2018

16. December 6, 2018

17. The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

18. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

19. Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Where mitochondria
Pyruvate (3-C)  Acetic acid (2-C)
3rd C forms CO2
Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA
December 6, 2018

20. Summary In Pyruvate NAD CoA Out CO2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA
December 6, 2018

21. What is releasing Energy with O2?
Aerobic respiration
Where In mitochondria
December 6, 2018

22. Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrix
Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e-
Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID
Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
Gives off a CO2 molecule
NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-
FAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule
December 6, 2018

23. Krebs Cycle
December 6, 2018

24. The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

25. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion

26. ETC Where inner membrane of mitochondria
Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP
O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O
Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration
December 6, 2018

27. Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production

28. Electron Transport Chain
Summary
Glucose
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
Mitochondrion

29. Total ENERGY Yield Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ETC  32 ATP
Total 36 ATP
December 6, 2018

30. Elaboration Respiration Lab
Three experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration
December 6, 2018

31. What happens if NO O2? Cellular respiration process STOPS
December 6, 2018

32. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen
Simple
fast
produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)
Aerobic requires oxygen
Yields large amounts of energy
What is this energy molecule?
ATP, ATP, ATP
December 6, 2018

33. December 6, 2018

34. Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
NO Additional ATP is Formed
NO O2 leads to Fermentation
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
December 6, 2018

35. Lactic Acid Fermentation
bacteria, plants and most animals
After glycolysis
2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid
Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise
December 6, 2018

36. December 6, 2018

37. Alcoholic Fermentation
Bacteria and fungi (yeast)
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products
Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages
Also used to raise dough, bread
December 6, 2018

38. December 6, 2018

39. Cellular Respiration Review
Three Main Stages
Glycolysis (2 ATP)
Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP)
Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)
December 6, 2018