1. Chapter 8
Heart and Lungs at Work
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2. Table of Contents Cardiovascular Anatomy Cardiovascular Physiology
Heart
Peripheral Circulatory System
Red Blood Cells
Cardiovascular Physiology
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen Uptake
Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
Structure
Function
Exercise Effects on Cardiorespiratory System
Cardiac Output
Capillary Supply
Blood Volume
Ventilation
Exercise and Environments
Altitude
Temperature
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3. Cardiovascular system Supplies muscles and organs with O2
Removes metabolic by-products from tissues
Critical for performance
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4. Cardiovascular Anatomy
Heart
Peripheral Circulatory System
Red Blood Cells
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5. Heart
Pumps blood through the human body
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6. Structure: Muscle Cells
3 layers:
Endocardium (innermost)
Lines heart chambers
Allows smooth blood flow
Myocardium (middle)
Thick and muscular
Pumps blood
Epicardium (outer)
Thin
Protection
Pericardium
Protective sac
Loosely surrounds heart
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7. Pericardial cavity 2. Myocardium Pericardium (outer) 1. Endocardium
3. Epicardium
Pericardial cavity
Pericardium (outer)
Pericardium (inner)
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8. Structure: Chambers and Vessels
Ventricles
Pump blood to the body
Right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood
To lungs
Via pulmonary artery
Left ventricle
Oxygenated blood
To body
Via aorta
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
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9. Inferior/superior vena cava
Structure: Chambers and Vessels
Atria
Pump blood into ventricles
Right atrium
Deoxygenated blood
From body
Via superior/inferior vena cava
Left atrium
Oxygenated blood
From lungs
Via pulmonary vein
Pulmonary vein
Inferior/superior vena cava
Left
atrium
Right
atrium
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10. Structure: Valves 1 1 2 2 Semilunar valves
Open when ventricles contract to direct blood flow into arteries
Pulmonary valve: right ventricle  pulmonary artery
Aortic valve: left ventricle  aorta
Close when ventricles relax to prevent backflow 1 2 1 2
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11. Structure: Valves 1 1 2 2 Atrioventricular valves
Open when atria contract to direct blood flow into ventricles
Tricuspid valve: right atrium  right ventricle
Bicuspid / mitral valve: left atrium  left ventricle
Close when atria relax to prevent backflow 1 2 1 2
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12. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from body via superior/ inferior vena cava
Right atrium pumps deoxygenated blood to right ventricle through tricuspid valve
Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary valve to lungs via pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs via pulmonary vein
Left atrium pumps oxygenated blood to left ventricle through bicuspid valve
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through aortic valve to body via aorta 1 3 1 3 2 2
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