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Revolution Fever Spreads
to Latin America
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European Empires: 1660s
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16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe
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Causes of Latin American Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. Colonization by Spain & France & Portugal brutal treatment of indigenous population & African slaves Inspiration of American and French Revolutions
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Enlightenment Ideas Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society. Give people rights life, liberty, property! Make fair societies based on reason possible. Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy.
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2. Creole Discontent
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3. Inspiration of American & French Revolutions
Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen, 1789 Declaration of Independence, 1776
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Provides a model & a diversion!
Napoleon on the March Provides a model & a diversion!
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Latin American Revolutions!
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Toussaint L’Ouveture Leads a Revolution in Haiti (1804)
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French colony of Haiti was the first Latin American territory to gain independence from the mother country Toussaint L’Ouverture a former slave that led an organized, successful slave revolt Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain during rebellion
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Social class hierarchy of Spanish colonies
Top: - Peninsulares (men born in Spain) - Creoles (Spaniards born in colonies) at the top Bottom -Natives & slaves at the bottom – oppressed & brutalized Some Creoles were wealthy & educated traveled, learned & spread Enlightenments ideals – brought revolution to Latin America
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Simón Bolivar: The “Brains”of the Revolution Video
1808 – Napoleon conquered Spain & removed king people questioned Spain’s authority overseas rebellions began Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan Creole leads independence movement for northern areas of Latin America
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Jose de San Martin 1816 - San Martin brings independence to Argentina
1817 – San Martin brings independence to Chile
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Miguel Hidalgo In 1810 Miguel Hidalgo – a priest in Mexico spread Enlightenment ideas & encourages revolution for independence, but many leaders and years are required until official independence in 1821
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Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine: attempts by European countries to influence in L.American will be considered a threat to U.S. independence and safety U.S. to Europe: stay out of L. America OR ELSE!
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