1. Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus River
42 – 45

2. Geography of South Asia

3. HOT AIR WINTER MONSOON Sept. - March *Khyber Pass Himalayas
*Indus River
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
COOL AIR
SUMMER MONSOON
May-Sept.
Indian Ocean

4. Rivers
The two rivers and the lands they water make up a large area that stretches 1,500 miles across northern India.
Indus River - west
Ganges River - east

5. *Aryans found a route into India via the mountains
*Wall of Mountains surround India
Hindu Kush Mts.
Karakoram Mts.
Himalaya Mts.
Separate the land mass of India from the rest of Asia.
Sub-continent
Allowed for India to develop a culture
*Aryans found a route into India via the mountains

6. *Monsoons Seasonal winds dominate India’s climate. Winter Monsoons
Dry air across country from mountains to lands
Summer Monsoons
Moisture carries rains from seas to the land
*Brings in rain to water the crops.

7. Winter Monsoon
Summer Monsoon

8. What is unusual about this picture?

12. Monsoon Pool

13. Working in the Rice Fields

15. Environmental Challenges
Indus River flows: Himalayas to Arabian Sea
Problem: Irregular Flooding
River changes course unpredictable.

16. Earliest Arrivals Unknown origins of earliest inhabitants
Primarily herders
Sheep
Goats
Began farming about 3200 B.C. along the Indus

17. Planned Cities *Shows that Indus valley had organized govt.
100 settlements along the Indus Rv.
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
Advanced city planning.
Grid system
Fortified areas
Advanced technology
Advanced plumbing
Sewage systems
*Shows that Indus valley had organized govt.

18. Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Population about 35,000
Streets were laid out in grid patterns – right angles
Each city had a water system, public baths and a sewer system
Water well throughout the city and in some private homes

19. Mohenjo - Daro Cities were planned - laid out in a grid
Houses were built from *uniform brick
*Plumbing systems.

20. Harappa *Cities were run by a well-organized government Types of job
Farmers – Merchants - Traders

21. Advances in Technology
Private baths
Private dressing rooms
Private toilets
Pools
Sewage systems

22. Mohenjo Dara/Harappa Video

23. Chapter 3 Section 1 Indo – European Migrationspp

24. Aryan Invaders Transform India
Around 1500BC, nomads moved into India. Aryans conquered locals and merged their cultures.
Settled in river valleys (conquering tribes came through Khyber pass)
Aryans became farmers
Created and used iron plow, irrigation systems
Crops – wheat, barley, rice, millet, vegetables, cotton and a variety of spices
Developed writing system - Sanskrit

25. Aryan Caste System *Divided people by occupation Priest (Mouth)
Rulers & Warrior (Arms)
Peasants & Traders (Legs)
Laborers (Feet)
*Lack of Social Mobility