1. Introduction to Geography

2. What is Geography?
Geography is the science that tries to understand how the Earth works and how humans change it.
This science examines the Earth’s surface and the processes that shape it.
Geography especially looks at the relationship between people and the Earth’s physical environment.
To understand our relationship with the Earth, geographers ask questions and search for answers to problems. By exploring these problems, we can make better, wiser decisions.

3. What is Geography?
Geography is the science that tries to understand how the Earth works and how humans change it.
This science examines the Earth’s surface and the processes that shape it.
Geography especially looks at the relationship between people and the Earth’s physical environment.
To understand our relationship with the Earth, geographers ask questions and search for answers to problems. By exploring these problems, we can make better, wiser decisions.

5. Mind Map of Canada
On a blank sheet of paper, draw a map of Canada as close to reality as possible. Do this on your own – without looking at other people’s maps or any reference material such as an atlas.
On your map, label what you regard as important features, such as provinces, cities, mountain ranges, and bodies of water.

6. Mind Map of Canada Which parts of Canada do you know best?
Which parts of your map are most incomplete?
Do you feel it is important to know where places are in Canada? Explain.

7. What is a Map?
A map is a representation of the Earth’s features drawn on a flat surface.
Maps use symbols and colours to represent features of an area, simplifying the real world.

8. Features on a Map
Title – identifies the area shown, topic, focus, or purpose of the map, and includes the date
Legend – explains the meaning of symbols and colours used on the map
Scale – represents the relationship between distance on the map and distance in the real world
Direction – often represented with an arrow
Border – sets the map apart from other information
Name – this is to be located on the bottom right hand corner of the map

9. Map Labelling & Colouring
Cartography is the art of drawing accurate, easily readable, attractive maps.
Labels
Should be neatly printed
Should be spelled correctly
Should be parallel to the base of the map (except for natural features such as rivers and mountain ranges)
A dot should be used to locate cities, with the name of the city as close to the dot as possible.

10. Map Labelling & Colouring
Labels (continued)
Larger features usually have larger labels
Labels for similar features should be the same size and font – for example:
Water Body
City
PROVINCE
C O U N T R Y
Labels should not block other information on the map

11. Map Labelling & Colouring
Maps should be properly colour coded to show the different areas on the map
Shade consistently so that there are no light or dark patches of one colour within one feature
Use solid colours only, not shading patterns when possible
White or black are not acceptable shading colours
Grey should be used for areas not important to the map
Blue should ONLY BE USED FOR WATER BODIES!

12. MAP OF CANANDA Assignment: Complete the Political Map of Canada, 2011
Due next class