1. Types & Tests of Evidence (Proof)
Ch. 6 - Research
Types & Tests of Evidence (Proof)

2. Evaluating Sources (general)
The “CRAAP” Test O’Brien, L. (2010) Speak Well
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose

3. Sources (of Evidence) Books Government Documents Journals:
(Journal of the American Medical Association, Quarterly Journal of Communication)
Books
Government Documents
Government Websites
( , , portervillecollege.edu, etc)
Bill of Rights, Constitution, 9/11 Commission Report
(accessed via websites like thomas.loc.gov, )

4. Sources (of Evidence) Magazines: Newspapers Other
NEWS: (Time, Newsweek)
POPULAR: (Rolling Stone, Guns & Ammo)
Newspapers
Other
Encyclopedias, general internet, interviews, documentaries, etc.

5. Classes and Sources of Evidence (Proof)
Two Classes of Evidence
FACT:
OPINIONS:
Two Sources of Evidence
Personal Observations
Recorded Observations of Others

6. Types of FACTS & How to Test/Challenge them
Examples & Illustrations:
Source Qualifications?
Data Accuracy?
Originality of Observation?

7. Types of FACTS & How to Test/Challenge them
Statistics:
Source Credibility?
Accuracy?
Comparable Units?

8. Types of FACTS & How to Test/Challenge them
Artifacts:
Genuine?
Representativeness?

9. Types of FACTS & How to Test/Challenge them
Premises:
Beware “Gamblers Fallacy”?

10. Types of FACTS & How to Test/Challenge them
Scientific Evidence:
Generalizability of Settings/Subjects
Variable Control
Consistency w/ Other Research
“Modeling”

11. Types of OPINIONS & How to Test/Challenge them
Source Credibility?
Source Bias?
Factual Basis of Opinion?