1. Societies of Europe
Chapter 1 section 4

2. European Middle Ages 400s – 1300s Invaders destabilize area
Trade stops = use of money stops

3. Feudalism King – allows nobles or lords to use land.
Nobles – protect people living on land.
Knights – protect king and lords.
Serfs - work the land.

4. Manor System Land divided into large estates. Serfs farm the land.
Serfs are poor and not allowed to leave the manor.
Church gains power.

5. The Rise of Trade and Towns
Feudalism led to long periods of peace.
Safety = rise in trade
New farming methods
Increased food = increased population
Use of money returns
Serfs escape to towns
Merchants & craftspeople form middle class.

6. Crusades A series of war to capture the Holy Land Not successful
Ships returning from war bring Asian goods.

8. Cause – Decline of Feudalism - Effects
Rise of trade/town
Bubonic plague
Lords lose power
Peasants paid wages
Trade flourishes
Kings gain power

9. Renaissance A time of increased interest in art and learning.
What led to the renaissance?
Suffering led people to look for meaning of life

10. Renaissance Period Art more realistic Humanism
History, philosophy, and literature
Muslims invent Algebra

11. Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg 1455 Effect on Society
Books cheaper and more accurate
more people read

13. Reformation Church weakens
Martin Luther publicly posts 95 statements that criticizes corrupt practices in the church.
Church splits = Catholic / Protestant

14. Changes in Trade Italian merchants determine profit
Italians trading in Asian goods = huge profits
Italians control the market.
Others look for different routes to Asia