1. Colonial American Development
Unit 1C
AP U.S. History

2. Think About It
Compare and contrast the colonial development of Massachusetts and Virginia.

3. England Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) Population increases
Joint-stock companies develop
Religious conflicts divide the nation
Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

4. English Colonies Charters Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony
Granted a charter to stockholders
Ex. Virginia
Proprietary Colony
Granted a charter to individual or group
Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania
Royal Colony
Under direct control of the monarch
Ex. New Hampshire
Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts
First page of the Carolina charter, authorized by Charles II, 1663

5. The First English Attempts
Sir Walter Raleigh (1585)
Roanoke (1587)

6. Jamestown Virginia Company of London
Established in 1607 on mouth of Chesapeake Bay
John Smith
“he that will not work shall not eat”
”Starving Time” ( )
Powhatan
John Rolfe
Tobacco seeds to plantations

7. Who is this?

8. Oh yeah…Pocahontas

9. Disney’s John Smith

10. Hollywood’s John Smith

11. This is John Smith.

12. Pilgrims Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia
Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters
Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)

14. The Mayflower (II)

15. Look, a big rock.

16. Wampanoag Dwelling

17. Plymouth Colony

18. Thirteen Colonies

19. New England Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) Rhode Island
John Winthrop
“city upon a hill”
Rhode Island
Providence (1636)
Roger Williams
Portsmouth (1638)
Anne Hutchinson
Connecticut
Hartford (1637)
Thomas Hooker
New Haven (1638)
New Hampshire (1679)

20. New England and Religion
Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts
Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island
Roger Williams and “wall of separation”
Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism
Halfway Covenant (1662)
Attempt to increase members
Salem Witch Trials ( )
185 accused
141 women; 44 men
19 executed
14 women; 5 men

21. New England Politics Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
First written constitution in America
Relations with Natives
New England Confederation ( )
Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven
King Philip’s (Metacom) War ( )
New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance

22. Historiography ”The Puritans: Orthodoxy or Diversity?”
Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson – The Puritans (1938)
David D. Hall – Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment (1989)
Thus Puritanism appears, from the social and economic point of view, to have been a philosophy of social stratification, placing the command in the hands of the properly qualified and demanding implicit obedience from the uneducated; from the religious point of view it was the dogged assertion of the unity of intellect and spirit in the face of a rising tide of democratic sentiment suspicious of the intellect and intoxicated with the spirit. It was autocratic, hierarchical, and authoritarian… that in the social realm holy writ were to be the mentors of farmers and merchants.
Let me return to the crucial question of the clergy and their role in shaping popular religion... they had too much in common with the people, and too prominent a part to play in teaching certain structures of belief... I refuse to represent the clergy as so dominating in the churches that their way of thinking always prevailed...the power of the clergy was too mediated to make them really dominant, and "domination" is a word that simply doesn't fit in the pluralistic structure of New England towns and churches.

23. Middle Colonies Development Economics New York New Jersey (1702)
New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664
New Jersey (1702)
Pennsylvania settled by Quakers
Delaware (1702)
Economics
Develop wheat and corn farms
“Bread basket” of the colonies
Eventually into manufacturing and trade

24. Pennsylvania William Penn (1681)
Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers
Holy Experiment
Religious refuge
Liberal political ideals
Economic success
Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

25. Southern Colonies Maryland (1634) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663)
Lord Baltimore
Act of Toleration (1649)
Virginia (1607)
Carolinas (1663)
North Carolina (1729)
Tobacco
South Carolina (1729)
Rice and indigo
Georgia (1732)
James Oglethorpe

26. Virginia Jamestown (1607) House of Burgesses in 1619
First legislative assembly in the colonies
Becomes royal colony in 1624
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Inequities between large landowners and western farmers
Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley
Headright System
50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant
"Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.”
Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.

27. Georgia James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732
Social experiment
Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida
Debtors colony