1. Organic Geochemistry

2. Carbohydrates:
Organic compounds composed only of carbon and
hydrogen. The carbon atom has six electron in its ground
state. These electrons are distributed with two in the inner
K-shell and four in the outer L-shell. The L-shell electrons
bond covalently in organic compounds.
For example, methane CH4

3. Double bond
Triple bond

4. Alkanes, or Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
The alkanes contain only single bonds. These are called
unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have the general formula
CnH2n+2

5. The CH3 unit is called a methyl group
The CH3 unit is called a methyl group. As it is attached to the second carbon, it is called
2-methylpropane.
Isomers of alkanes are not limited to straight chains.

6. Alkanes may form closed rings;
C5H10
C6H12
Alkanes may form closed rings;
however, these are not isomers of pentane or hexane

7. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the benzene ring illlustrated below
benzene has the formula C6H6
The ring has double bonds between alternate pairs of carbon atoms.

8. Structures of some simple amino acids

9. Two forms of glucose.

10. Two common chlorofluorocarbons